Solutions exchange systems are responsible for the timing of drug application on patch clamp experiments. There are two basic strategies for generating a solution exchange. When slow exchanges are bearable, it is easier to perform the exchange inside the tubing system upstream of the exit port. On the other hand, fast, reproducible, exchanges are usually performed downstream of the exit port. A...

The paper primarily suggests the use of RFID technology to provide an efficient and enhanced automated ticketing system. The principle aim of the paper is to improve the efficiency of the prevailing suggested RFID ticketing system by considering and overcoming its limitations. The prevailing system proposes the installation of RFID reader circuit in each and every bus stop to facilitate the cal...

OBJECTIVES To investigate differences in surgical time, the distance the surgical instrument travelled and number of movements required to complete manual phacoemulsification cataract surgery versus femtosecond laser cataract surgery. DESIGN Non-randomised comparative case series. SETTING Single surgery site, Moorfields Eye Hospital, UK. PARTICIPANTS 40 cataract surgeries of 40 patients. ...

Resting by primates is considered an understudied activity, relative to feeding or moving, despite its importance in physiological and time investment terms. Here we describe spider monkeys' (Ateles geoffroyi) travel from feeding to resting trees in a seasonal tropical forest of the Yucatan Peninsula. We followed adult and subadult individuals for as long as possible, recording their activities...

Public interest in food distribution systems as well as an increasing amount of food imports to the United States has resulted in a need for methods of quantifying the transportation of food imports in terms of distance travelled, energy use, and environmental impact. Geographic information systems (GIS) provide a powerful tool to organize and analyze spatial data. This study used a geographic ...

In this paper, we deal with a drug delivery problem in a French homecare. The carriers are assigned to specific areas and must visit each patient once a day while minimizing the total travelled distance. In this context, we propose to explore four strategies of delivery: (i) starting deliveries when a specified number of deliveries is achieved, (ii) starting deliveries if a specified distance i...

We consider the problem of a robot inside an unknown polygon that has to nd a path from a starting point s to a target point t. We assume that it is equipped with an on-board vision system through which it can get the visibility map of its surroundings. Furthermore, we assume that the robot is contained in a simple polygon that belongs to the class of generalized streets. We consider three prob...