It is not uncommon to encounter variations in the Thyroid gland during surgeries. Complete detailed anatomical variations in arterial and venous supply including the presence of ectopic glands is useful for diagnosis and prognosis of patients involved with thyroid disorders. With these facts we tried to evaluate the Anatomical and Morphological variations of the thyroid gland. The study was con...

The external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve (ELN) is intimately associated with the superior thyroid artery (STA) in relation to the superior pole of the thyroid gland, rendering it vulnerable to injury during the ligation of this vessel during thyroidectomy. Although most texts acknowledge the fact that the nerve is in close relation to the STA, there has not been an anatomical study t...

Goiters (from the Latin guttur, throat) have been known since 2700 b.c., long before the thyroid gland was recognized. The thyroid gland was first documented by the Italians of the Renaissance period. Leonardo da Vinci originally depicted the thyroid in his drawings as two separate glands on either side of the larynx. The term thyroid gland (Greek thyreoeides, shield-shaped) is attributed to Th...

Introduction: We report a case of a 64-year old man with a history of colon carcinoma. He underwent fine-needle aspiration by CytoFoam-core and diagnosis of metastatic colon cancer to the thyroid gland. Case presentation: In this case report, a solid thyroid nodule in the right lobe of a 64-year-old male was aspirated. The cytological smears showed a small group of atypical cells with the obvi...

Introduction: Extraosseous accumulation of 99mTc – methylene diphosphonate (MDP) may be due to neoplastic, dystrophic, hormonal, inflammatory, ischemic, traumatic or excretory disorders. 99mTc-MDP incidental thyroid uptake is not frequent and is possibly caused by the presence of dystrophic or metastatic calcification, biopsy procedure and presence of beni...

The interaction of immunological system, thyroid and pineal gland was studied in 5-week old males of Gallus domesticus. Several morphometrical parameters in pineal and thyroid glands were measured after bird immunization with human red blood cells and/or treatment with melatonin or seduxen, melatonin receptor blocker. The peak of the thyroid activity was found on Day 7 after immunization. The i...

Ectopic thyroid is a congenital defect in which the thyroid gland is located away from the usual pretracheal location. Dual ectopic thyroid, which consists of two foci of thyroid tissue, is very rare. In this case dual ectopic thyroid with subclinical hypothyroidism in a 10-year-old-girl was reported. The absence of the thyroid gland in the pretracheal location was revealed by ultrasonography (...

The name thyroid gland, in English, is derived from the Latin glandula thyreoidea, meaning shield-shaped gland, named by Thomas Warton in 1656 [1]. As the first endocrine gland to develop embryologically [2], it possesses important functions from fetal development until death. Embryologically, the development of the thyroid gland begins in the fourth week of development as a depression and epit...