Recent studieshavedemonstrated that functionalizedportions of long-chainhydrocarbons (CH3(CH2)nX, where X ) SH, S, SS, NH2, Br, I) physisorbed on graphite at the liquid-solid interface exhibit enhanced contrast (increased tunnelingcurrent)when imagedbyscanning tunnelingmicroscopy (STM). The tunneling mechanism for such molecules can be investigated by examining the interplay between topographic...

Dimension-reducing feature extraction neural network techniques which also preserve neighbourhood relationships in data have traditionally been the exclusive domain of Kohonen self organising maps. Recently, we introduced a novel dimension-reducing feature extraction process, which is also topographic, based upon a Radial Basis Function architecture. It has been observed that the gener-alisatio...

It is shown that a topographic product P, first introduced in nonlinear dynamics, is an appropriate measure of the preservation or violation of neighborhood relations. It is sensitive to large-scale violations of the neighborhood ordering, but does not account for neighborhood ordering distortions caused by varying areal magnification factors. A vanishing value of the topographic product indica...

An integrated sequence of multivariate techniques was applied to the vegetation of the western Great Smoky Mountains National Park. Included in the sequence were hierarchial classification, detrended correspondence analysis and multiple discriminant analysis. Based on the importance of landform in previous research, a system of topographical quantification was developed and also used in the cla...

Abstract Background The frequency of dysphagia varies considerably across literature. Post-stroke is a common cause increased morbidity and length hospitalization. This study aimed to estimate the frequency, risk factors following first-ever ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke its neuroradiological correlation. Methods Two hundred fifty patients (180 70 strokes) with were recruited within 72 h onset...

Wind-Thrown Trees Characteristics and Effects of Topographic Soil Factors on Wind Throw in Chamestan Forest- Mazandaran

As a result of rapid urbanization and population movement, flooding in urban areas has become one the most common types natural disaster, causing huge losses both life property. To mitigate prevent damage caused by recent increase floods, number measures are required, such as installing flood prevention facilities, or specially managing vulnerable to flooding. In this study, we presented techni...