drop in trade. For now, we know that the drop was caused by the contraction of economic activity around the world, thus leading to less demand and less trade. Trade financing dried up very quickly, as did most of the credit around the world. Banks, in their preoccupation to not be seen as exposed in terms of liability, were forced to cut back on trade financing, even though letters of credit ar...

-An inventory model for deteriorating items and shortages with finite production rate and stochastic demand rate is developed when the supplier offers delay period to the retailer for due payment against purchases and the retailer in turn extends the trade credit offer to its customers. This policy of passing on of the credit period is well known as two-level of credit financing. Items in the s...

From the point of view of bank process reengineering theory, the paper focuses its discussion on definition and features of international trade financing based on the principles and requirements of financial innovation. Through the clarification for international trade financing process and comparison for ways of international trade financing under traditional trade settlement methods, trade fi...

Despite the implementation of several banking sector reforms, the real sector in Nigeria is still finding it difficult to access financial resources especially from the commercial banks that hold about 90% of the total financial sector assets. Nominal interest rate is high causing many firms to avoid bank-borrowing. Other formidable financing challenges are concentration of bank credit to the o...

Access to external finance, such as bank loans or trade credit, is a key determinant of a firm’s ability to develop, operate, and expand. Economic researchers have studied how various macroeconomic and microeconomic factors influence such access; for example, it has been shown to depend on the macroeconomic environment, since economic downturns tend to limit firms’ ability to borrow and banks’ ...

In a supplier-retailer-buyer supply chain, the supplier frequently offers the retailer a trade credit of  periods, and the retailer in turn provides a trade credit of  periods to her/his buyer to stimulate sales and reduce inventory. From the seller’s perspective, granting trade credit increases sales and revenue but also increases opportunity cost (i.e., the capital opportunity loss during cre...

Small companies face significant difficulties in accessing finance, and the use of bank credit trade are primary sources financing, specifically small countries, with little market liquidity, focused on banking system, as is case Portugal. The main objective this article to identify drivers credit, well investigate complementary or substitutive relationship between them, considering that both c...

This work analyses the determinants of trade credit granted and received effect 2008 financial crisis on it. Using a sample 96,417 Portuguese SMEs from non-financial sector for period 2010–2019, we found that plays an important role in firms' financing policies. Firms with better access to market act as intermediaries grant firms have difficulty accessing credit. Moreover, use seems be substitu...

In this study, we examine the association between interim financing and firm performance in an emerging economy. Prior research shows that firms utilize trade credit to boost their operating or market valuation. However, recent on relation as alternative provides mixed evidence. Nevertheless, limited has been conducted developing economies; hence, attempt fill gap present paper. We argue may no...