Trying to find a practical solution for QoS provision capabilities over IP networks has been subject of a great research effort during last years. The main aim of the proposal presented in this paper is to allow QoS provision over IP networks without the requirement of upgrading every router of the Internet. Upgrading some routers within the network is still needed, but no constraints do exist ...

Following the traffic of a backbone increase near to the capacity of the network, the evolution of backbone topology takes place. In this paper, three main types of evolution methods: link upgrading only method, node upgrading method, and the combination of previous two are explored. To shunt the saturated traffic efficiently, we propose several node upgrading algorithms, Traffic Adaptive Topol...

Using an analytical framework of the global production network (GPN), the present paper examines the external environment and the internal dynamics of China’s integrated circuit (IC) industry. We analyze the transition of China’s IC industry from a state-led integrated device manufacturers’ model to deeper integration into the GPN. We also explore the technological sources, the upgrading dynami...

We propose a method to improve the prediction performance of existing color-difference formulas with additional visual data. The formula is treated as the mean function of a Gaussian process, which is trained with experimentally determined color-discrimination data. Color-difference predictions are calculated using Gaussian process regression (GPR) considering the uncertainty of the visual data...

This study developed an upgrading process focusing on acid transformations of water phase pyrolysis bio-oils to esters of oxygen-containing fuels via ZSM−5 catalyst. Temperature was set as a factor with five levels ranging from 60 to 135 °C with reaction time from 1 to 8 h. The results showed that 89% of high acid conversion and over 90% of ester selectivity was obtained from the feedstock via ...

In this paper we analyze the emergence of R&D services in Bangalore, India, by focusing on the process of technological upgrading in the Indian software industry. The development trajectory of the Indian software industry and the upgrading it has experienced, from providing low-skill software services to providing high-skill R&D services, are examined using evidence from interviews with Indian ...

To address the issues of greenhouse gas emissions associated with fossil fuels, vegetable oilseeds, especially non-food oilseeds, are used as an alternative fuel resource. Vegetable oil derived from these oilseeds can be upgraded into hydrocarbon biofuel. Catalytic cracking and hydroprocessing are two of the most promising pathways for converting vegetable oil to hydrocarbon biofuel. Heterogene...

The value of a gas fired power plant depends on the spark spread, defined as the difference between the unit price of electricity and the cost of gas. We model the spark spread using two-factor model, allowing mean-reversion in short-term variations and uncertainty in the equilibrium price to which prices revert. We analyze two types of gas plants. The first type is a base load plant, generatin...

With the growing demand for energy and the depletion of conventional crude oil, heavy oil in huge reserve has attracted extensive attention. However, heavy oil cannot be directly refined by existing processes unless they are upgraded due to its complex composition and high concentration of heteroatoms (N, S, Ni, V, etc.). Of the variety of techniques for heavy oil upgrading, supercritical water...