Obstructions that protruded from a laboratory test bed into the benthic boundary layer were exposed to gradients in longitudinal velocity (]u/]z) that produced vertical pressure gradients along the surface of the obstruction. These pressure gradients generated vertical secondary flows that may have ecological significance for benthic fauna and aquatic macrophytes. Laboratory experiments demonst...

A comprehensive mathematical model based on the discrete particle model and computational fluid dynamics was utilized to investigate mixing and segregation of particles in fluidized beds at high pressure. To quantify the extent of mixing in the bed, the Lacey mixing index was used. Simulations were carried out with different mass fractions of small particles at various pressures ranging from 1 ...

REASON FOR PERFORMING STUDY Foals stand and walk immediately after birth, but insight into the subsequent longitudinal development of their gait kinetics in the early juvenile phase and the possible influence of osteochondrosis thereon is lacking. OBJECTIVES To quantify gait kinetics in foals during the first half year of life, taking into account their osteochondrosis status. STUDY DESIGN ...

An inverse annual variation is observed between surface pressure on the highest mountain, which has an elevation of approximately 4000 m, and in the lowlands of Taiwan (a subtropical island in east Asia). This inverse annual variation in surface pressure of high and low elevation in low latitudes reflects, essentially, a vertical phase reversal of the tropical circulation, which is illustrated ...

Stratospheric vertical winds from analysis data in pressure (p) or hybrid pressure (σ -p) coordinates, for use in e.g. chemical transport models (CTMs) or trajectory models, often suffer both from excessive noise and errors in their mean magnitude, which in turn can introduce errors in important dynamical quantities like vertical mixing or constituent transport with the residual circulation. Si...

tunnelling through cities underlain by soft soil, commonly associated with soil movement around the tunnels and subsequent surface settlement. the predication of ground movement during the tunnelling and optimum support pressure could be based on analytical, empirical or the numerical methods. the commonly used earth pressure balance (epb) tunneling machines, uses the excavated soil in a pressu...

Lagrangian(and isopycnic-) vertical coordinate ocean models are subject to an exponentially growing numerical instability in weakly stratified regions when thermobaricity is not accurately compensated. Inaccurate compensation for compressibility in the pressure gradient terms leads to pressure gradient truncation errors (due to the vertical discretization) that can drive the Lagrangian coordina...

Internal waves occur at a variety of temporal and spatial scales and are mechanisms by which momentum, energy, nutrients and biota are transported in lakes, estuaries and coastal oceans. In stratified systems, accurate prediction of water quality effects requires modeling internal wave evolution and propagation. Lake, estuary, and coastal ocean models typically apply the hydrostatic approximati...

Tunnelling through cities underlain by soft soil, commonly associated with soil movement around the tunnels and subsequent surface settlement. The predication of ground movement during the tunnelling and optimum support pressure could be based on analytical, empirical or the numerical methods. The commonly used Earth pressure balance (EPB) tunneling machines, uses the excavated soil in a pressu...