Surface passivation engineering is an imperative way to improve photoelectrode performance for photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting. To the best of our knowledge, it has never been systematically reviewed in a feature article. In this review, we summarize various materials and their preparation, characterizations by PEC measurements some related spectral technologies. We highlight feature...

Strategies for regulating the electronic structure of transition-metal-based electrocatalysts through doping, heterostructure, oxygen vacancies, alloy, and strain engineering are investigated.

Economic ideas and processes are becoming increasingly integrated with more traditional engineering and hydrologic models of water management problems. Combining economic management concepts and performance indicators with an engineering-level of understanding of a hydrologic system can provide results and insights more directly relevant for water management decisions and policies. When such mo...