in this paper, we introduce environmental systems engineering (ese) and describe some of its applications combined with process systems engineering (pse) to problems related to environmental systems. these systems—the water cycle and ecosystem cycles—are complex and highly dynamic, with an uncertainty level comparable to that of chemical systems. to illustrate the challenges of applying pse to...

Together with the supply of energy and the environmental protection, fresh water is one of the three keys elements for the sustainable development of every society. Where the availability of water cannot be carried out by using conventional sources, unavoidable appears the resort of the major water source: the sea. Today, RO is one the most used membrane processes for the production of fresh wa...

rivers are among the most important surface water resources which have always been of significance throughout the history of mankind. this significance is due to human dependence on water for answering his needs such as agriculture, water transfer, flood control and water transportation. in the past, it was assumed that basic measures such as exploiting rivers or managing floods were only limit...

the cellular therapy and nerve tissue engineering will probably become a major therapeutic strategy for promoting axonal growth through injured area in central nervous system and peripheral nervous system in the coming years. the stem cell carrier scaffolds in nerve tissue engineering resulted in strong survival of cells and suitable differentiation into neural cells, so this pathway should be ...