In this work, we consider only edge-colorings of graphs. Since Vizing’s fundamental result [9], proper edge colorings of graphs, colorings such that no two adjacent edges have the same color, have become an essential topic for every beginning graph theorist. Proper edge colorings have many applications in signal transmission [7], bandwidth allocation [3] and many other areas [5, 6, 8]. See [1] ...

there is no doubt that the way to gain access to religious rulings and doctrines is the sunna of the prophet and the imams, as only second to the holy qur’ān, which is reported in thousands of traditions in various tradition books. in the meantime, every theologian and ḥadīth researcher has to leave behind two stages for a proper understanding of traditions: in the first stage, he is to conside...

Data mining, or knowledge discovery, has recently become a popular research area. Data mining methods have been applied to a wide variety of domains, from supermarket basket data and telecommunication alarm data to the analysis of satellite pictures and human genomes. Surprisingly enough, only a few examples of data mining in text are available. However, considering the amount of existing docum...

Traditionally, texts have been analysed using various information retrieval related methods, such as full-text analysis, and natural language processing. However, only few examples of data mining in text, particularly in full text, are available. In this paper we show that general data mining methods are applicable to text analysis tasks such as descriptive phrase extraction. Moreover, we prese...