Information asymmetry in stock market can increase the risk of investment which in turn increases the capital cost of firms. Bhattacharya (1979) proposed a hypothesis that states dividend can act as a powerful signal in order to solve information asymmetry problem. We measured information asymmetry by lack of earnings transparency. Therefore we examine the effect of earnings transparency on cap...

Many philosophers accept both of the following claims: (1) consciousness matters morally, and (2) species membership does not matter morally. In other words, many reject speciesism but what we might call 'sentientism'. But do reasons against yield analogous sentientism, just as racism sexism are thought to speciesism? This paper argues that is disanalogous sentientism (as well sexism). I make a...

The variability in topological shapes of observed neuronal branching patterns can accurately be described by a simple model for random sequential growth. This finding is remarkable in view of the fact that the actual neuritic growth process can vary, and includes phases of regression and removal of branches which were not considered in the model. The aim of the present study is to investigate t...

We derive addition formulas at the combinatorial level, that is equations of the form F (X1+ X2 + +Xk) = F (X1; X2; : : : ; Xk), where F = F (X) is a given combinatorial species and F is a species on k sorts of singletons X1; X2; : : : ; Xk; depending on F . General results are given in the case of a molecular species M = X=H. Speci c formulas are also presented in the cases of the species Ln o...

The aim of the present study is to investigate the relationship between linear and non-linear activities in human electroencephalograms (EEGs) by examining the linear lateral asymmetry index and the correlation dimension as a non-linear measure of complexity and to typify the characteristics of EEGs between schizophrenic patients and normal controls. We recorded the EEG from 16 electrodes in 10...

The present study was undertaken to assess the skeletal craniofacial asymmetry in South Indian population by a posteroanterior cephalometric radiographic method. The skeletal craniofacial structures on one side of the face were compared with that of the other, by drawing various triangles representing different craniofacial regions. The sample consisted of 60 subjects (30 males and 30 females) ...