Switched networks have an increasingly important role in real-time communications. The IEEE Ethernet standards have defined prioritized traffic (802.1p) and other QoS mechanisms (802.1q). The Avionics FullDuplex Switched Ethernet (AFDX) standard defines a hard real-time network based on switched Ethernet. Clock synchronization is also an important service in some real-time distributed systems b...

We show a network simulation environment for assessing Ethernet-based concepts and technologies of next generation in-car networks, as well as their protocols, and possible deployment in topologies. Among others, the simulation models contain the core concepts of AS6802 and AFDX, Ethernet AVB and IEEE 802.1Q as well as legacy fieldbus technologies like CAN and FlexRay and automotive gateway des...

The VL (Virtual Link) concept used by AFDX network of modern aircraft such as A380 represents a big assumption for input flows characteristics. But mapping of many VL on a multi switch Ethernet architecture lead to potential congestion on a port of a (given) switch. Thus, there is strong need to prove that no frame will be lost by the network (no switch queue will overflow) and to evaluate the ...

The human neuroblastoma clone SH-SY5Y expresses potassium-, carbachol-, and calcium ionophore A23187-evoked, calcium-dependent release of [3H]noradrenaline. Release in response to carbachol and potassium was greater than additive. Atropine (Ki = 0.33 nM), hexahydrosiladifenidol (Ki = 18 nM), and pirenzepine (Ki = 1,183 nM) completely inhibited the carbachol-evoked noradrenaline release, an orde...

Embedded real-time systems are more and more distributed communicating systems. Then, to ensure correctness of application, respect of task dead-line must be ensured, but communication delays must also be bounded. Network calculus is a theory designed to compute such bounds (it have been successfully applied on A380 AFDX backbone). In order to disseminate, and to experiment new results, a tool ...