OBJECTIVES All-suture anchors are increasingly used in rotator cuff repair procedures. Potential benefits include decreased bone damage. However, there is limited published evidence for the relative strength of fixation for all-suture anchors compared with traditional anchors. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of four commercially available all-suture anchors, the 'Y-Knot' (ConMed), Q-FIX (Smith ...

In a multiparty message-passing model of communication, there are k players. Each player has a private input, and they communicate by sending messages to one another over private channels. While this model has been used extensively in distributed computing and in multiparty computation, lower bounds on communication complexity in this model and related models have been somewhat scarce. In recen...

The notion of Zero Knowledge has driven the field of cryptography since its conception over thirty years ago. It is well established that two-message zero-knowledge protocols for NP do not exist, and that four-message zero-knowledge arguments exist under the minimal assumption of one-way functions. Resolving the precise round complexity of zero-knowledge has been an outstanding open problem for...

Papillon-Leage and Psaume in 1954 reported a 'hereditary malformation of the buccal mucous membrane, and abnormal frena' (Papillon-Leage and Psaume, 1954a). Other French and German authors have since published full accounts of this condition, and Gorlin and Pindborg (1964) have summarized current knowledge of the syndrome in a recent textbook. They described it under the heading of orodigitofac...

A fundamental question about (reusable) circuit garbling schemes is: how small can the garbled circuit be? Our main result is a reusable garbling scheme which produces garbled circuits that are the same size as the original circuit plus an additive poly(λ) bits, where λ is the security parameter. Save the additive poly(λ) factor, this is the best one could hope for. In contrast, all previous co...

Software Watermarking is the process of transforming a program into a functionally equivalent “marked” program in such a way that it is computationally hard to remove the mark without destroying functionality. Barak, Goldreich, Impagliazzo, Rudich, Sahai, Vadhan and Yang (CRYPTO 2001) defined software watermarking and showed that the existence of indistinguishability obfuscation implies that so...

Biochips are physically and/or electronically controllable miniaturized labs. They are used for combinatorial chemical and biological analysis in environmental and medical studies. The precise positioning of the samples on the surface of the chip in picoliter to nanoliter volumes can be done either by means of external forces (active devices) or by specific geometric patterns (passive devices)....