1. Intestinal secretion, collected by the method described in this paper, is non-toxic when fresh. 2. This secretion, when heated immediately to 90-95 degrees C. and kept sterile, remains non-toxic. 3. This secretion, when not heated, remains non-toxic when kept under chloroform and toluene, even if incubated at 37 degrees C. 4. This secretion, when not heated, but collected in a sterile flask,...

The aim of this study was to investigate the potential antioxidative and antimutagenic effects of Maillard reaction products (MRPs) formed from glucose or fructose and cysteine or glutathione in the Ames Salmonella test and the 2,2'-azobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) assay. The mixtures were heated for 4 h 20 min or 14 h at 103 or 110 degrees C and tested in five concentrati...

BACKGROUND Practitioners often presume there is adequate humidification in the ventilator circuit if the Y-piece is at a specified temperature, but control of Y-piece temperature may be inadequate to ensure adequate humidification. METHODS In an in vitro bench model we measured water-vapor delivery with several heated humidification setups and a wide range of minute volume (V (E)) values. The...

The flexural strength of Type I collagen, the major organic component of human dentin, increases with heat. We hypothesized that human dentin can be strengthened by heating, which may help prevent fracture of non-vital teeth after restoration. Beam-shaped dentin specimens were obtained from the crowns of human third molars. The dentinal tubular orientations were arranged to run parallel or perp...

OBJECTIVE To systematically analyze the role of heated humidified carbon dioxide (CO2) in laparoscopy. METHODS Clinical trials on laparoscopic procedures using standard dry CO2 versus heated humidified CO2 for pneumoperitoneum were analyzed. RESULTS Ten randomized controlled trials on 565 patients were analyzed. In both the fixed and random effect models, postoperative pain was significantl...

Well crystallized pure calcium zirconate (CaZrO3 ) nanopowder was successfully synthesized using the molten-salt method. CaCl2 , Na 2CO3, micro-ZrO 2and nano-ZrO 2 were used as starting materials. On heating, Na2CO3 reacted with CaCl 2to form NaCl and CaCO 3. Nano CaZrO 3 was formed by reacting equimolar amounts of in situformed CaCO 3 (or CaO) and ZrO 2 in molten Na 2CO3-NaCl e...

Thermal hydraulics of nuclear reactor as a basis of reactor safety has a very important role in reactor design and control. The thermal-hydraulic analysis provides input data to the reactor-physics analysis, whereas the latter gives information about the distribution of heat sources, which is needed to perform the thermal-hydraulic analysis. In this study single heated channel model as a very f...

In Chinese hamster ovary cells and in normal and transformed rat embryonic fibroblasts, survival as a function of time at 42.4 degrees was dependent upon the rate of heating from 37 degrees to 42.4 degrees. Unexpectedly, the untransformed rat fibroblasts were more heat sensitive than were the transformed cells, and the protective effect of slow rates of heating upon survival at 42.4 degrees was...

The applicability of heat clearance for assessments of regional myocardial blood flow was examined in dogs. The axial and radial temperature field around the heated junction of the cross-thermocouples, sewn into the subepicardial layers of normally beating left ventricle of open-chest dog, was about 3.5mm. The heated tissue volume was approximately 0.31ml. The blood outflow from the cylinder in...

OBJECTIVE To determine potential effects of humidification on the volume of airway secretions in mechanically ventilated patients. METHODS Water vapor delivery from devices providing non-heated-wire humidification, heated-wire humidification, and heat and moisture exchanger (HME) were quantified on the bench. Then, patients requiring 24-hour mechanical ventilation were exposed sequentially to...