In this paper we study strong and weak bisimulation equivalences for continuous-time Markov decision processes (CTMDPs) and the logical characterizations of these relations with respect to the continuous-time stochastic logic (CSL). For strong bisimulation, it is well known that it is strictly finer than CSL equivalence. In this paper we propose strong and weak bisimulations for CTMDPs and show...

This paper presents a new soundness proof for concurrent separation logic (CSL) in terms of a standard operational semantics. The proof gives a direct meaning to CSL judgments, which can easily be adapted to accommodate extensions of CSL, such as permissions and storable locks, as well as more advanced program logics, such as RGSep. Further, it explains clearly why resource invariants should be...

Voice analysis was performed on 21 "standard" laryngectomized, male patients with a Provox voice prosthesis, along with an age- and sex-matched control group of 20 normal speakers, using acoustical analyses (MDVP and CSL, Kay Elemetrics Corp.), maximum phonation time measurements, and perceptual evaluations. Comparison between MDVP and CSL revealed that the latter was not useful for the analysi...

Ligand binding by Notch receptors triggers a series of proteolytic cleavages that liberate the intracellular portion of Notch (ICN) from the cell membrane, permitting it to translocate to the nucleus. Nuclear ICN binds to a highly conserved DNA-binding transcription factor called CSL (also known as RBP-Jkappa, CBF1, Suppressor of Hairless, and Lag-1) and recruits Mastermind-like transcriptional...

CONTEXT High-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol is an inverse predictor of coronary atherosclerotic disease. Preliminary data have suggested that HDL infusions can induce atherosclerosis regression. OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of reconstituted HDL on plaque burden as assessed by intravascular ultrasound (IVUS). DESIGN AND SETTING A randomized placebo-controlled trial was conduct...

Spontaneous collapse models are phenomological theories formulated to address major difficulties in macroscopic quantum mechanics. We place significant bounds on the parameters of the leading collapse models, the continuous spontaneous localization (CSL) model, and the Diosi-Penrose (DP) model, by using LISA Pathfinder’s measurement, at a record accuracy, of the relative acceleration noise betw...

BACKGROUND Community service-learning (CSL) has been proposed as one way to enrich medical and dental students' sense of social responsibility toward people who are marginalized in society. AIM We developed and implemented a new CSL option in the integrated medical/dental curriculum and assessed its educational impact. METHODS Focus groups, individual open-ended interviews, and a survey wer...

We calculate the photon emission rate from a general atomic system in the mass-proportional CSL model. For an isolated charged particle emitting kilovolt gamma rays, our results agree with those obtained by Fu. For a neutral atomic system, photon emission is strongly suppressed for photon wavelengths much larger than the atomic radius. However, for kilovolt gamma rays, Fu’s result is modified b...