in 2005, a. abdollahi and a. rejali, studied the relations betweenparadoxical decomposition and configuration for semigroups. in thepresent paper, we introduce one other concept of amenability typeon semigroups and groups which includes amenability of semigroupsand inner-amenability of groups. we have extend the previous knownresults to semigroups and groups satisfying this concept.

Much of the orthodontic treatment undertaken throughout the world, and particularly in the United States, is aimed at correcting dentoalveolar and skeletal malrelationships. With the current level of fixed appliance refinement, we have become quite adept at achieving excellent occlusions. However we often do not consider one important fact when designing our treatment regime: the craniofacial c...

Realistic objects are not only described by their own attributes, but also described by their mutual relationships in a specific domain. By mainly considering the mutual associations among the given objects, in this paper we propose a method for multi-objective categorization based on the game theory and Markov process.We adopt Shapley value in coalitional games tomeasure the player’s satisfact...

We analyze the behavior of redundant robots when the joint motion is generated by inverting task velocity commands through a kinematic control scheme. Depending on the chosen inversion scheme, the robot motion is subject to differential constraints that may or may not be integrable. Accordingly, we give a classification in terms of holonomic, partially nonholonomic, and completely nonholonomic ...

Abstract: Chris Langton proposed a model of an artificial life that he named “ant”: an agentcalled antthat is over a square of a grid moves by turning to the left (or right) accordingly to black (or white) color of the square where it is heading, and the square then reverses its color. Bunimovich and Troubetzkoy proved that an ant’s trajectory is always unbounded, or equivalently, there exists ...

The stereochemistry of the ketosidic bond of sialic acid has been elucidated by a study of the two anomeric methyl ketosides. Isomer I was prepared by Koenig.+Knorr synthesis, and isomer II by direct methylation with methanol and an acid catalyst. These two anomeric configurations were established by conversion with periodate-borohydride to III and IV, respectively, followed by lactonization of...

Brown clustering, an unsupervised hierarchical clustering technique based on ngram mutual information, has proven useful in many NLP applications. However, most uses of Brown clustering employ the same default configuration; the appropriateness of this configuration has gone predominantly unexplored. Accordingly, we present information for practitioners on the behaviour of Brown clustering in o...

The web serving protocol stack is constantly changing and evolving to tackle technological shifts in networking infrastructure and website complexity. For example, Cubic to tackle high throughput, SPDY to tackle loss and QUIC to tackle security issues and lower connection setup time. Accordingly, there are a plethora of protocols and configuration parameters that enable the web serving protocol...

Context sensitivity has long been a goal of interface design. We argue that three elements must exist to support effective context sensitive interfaces: 1) the ability to accurately sense context, 2) the ability to modify the control and display configuration accordingly, and 3) the ability to effect (at least some of) the configuration changes autonomously. We discuss the aspects of context wh...