Human congenital anomalies provide information that contributes to the understanding of developmental mechanisms. Here we report bilateral optic nerve aplasia (ONA) with microphthalmia in the autopsy of the cadaver of a 70-year-old Japanese female. The gross anatomical inspection of the brain showed a cotton thread-like cord in the presumed location of the optic nerve tract or chiasm. Histologi...

The case of a left handed girl aged 18 years suffering from the "epidermal maevus syndrome" is described. She presented with dysphasia, transient left hemiparesis, and sensory symptoms due to an occlusion of the right internal carotid artery. Arterial occlusion, abnormal retinal vessels, and Raynaud's phenomenon have not been previously documented. The neurological complications of this syndrom...

Different diseases of the optic disc may be caused by or lead to abnormal vasculature at the optic nerve head. Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) is a novel technology that provides high resolution mapping of the retinal and optic disc vessels. Recent studies have shown the ability of OCTA to visualize vascular abnormalities in different optic neuropathies. In addition, quantified ...

A number of systemic disorders are attended by distinct changes in blood vessels. The retinal vessels can easily be inspected with an ophthalmoscope. Some changes in retinal vessels allow us to draw direct conclusions about the status of blood vessels in the entire body. Major systemic diseases, such as diabetes or hypertension, can lead to typical changes in the retinal vessels with the result...

Choroidal neovascularization (CNV) is one of the hallmark symptoms Wet Age-related Macular Degeneration (wAMD) and DiabeticRetinopathy(DR) which involves formation neoangiogenic i.e. new abnormal blood vessels emerging from choroidal protruding through retinal layer. The current management wAMD intravitreal injections anti-VEGF such as ranibizumab aflibercept. We hypothesized delivery small mol...

The retinal Neo-Vascularization (NV) is the abnormal growth of new blood vessels in retina, which leads to a severe reduction on visual acuity and blindness. It main biomarker screening several diseases, where Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy (PDR) Wet Age-related Macular Degeneration (WAMD) are most common ones. NV severity requires fast avoid degradation. However, it labor intensive time-co...

Purpose Retinal ischemia has been traditionally assessed by fluorescein angiography, visualizing perfused vessels. However, this method does not provide any information about nonperfused vessels, and although it is often assumed that vessels in ischemic areas regress, we know little about how nonperfused retinal vessels change over time. Here, we aim to learn more about the long-term fate of no...