the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of traditional - local games on the development of gross motor skills of children with educable mental retardation. 30 educable mentally retarded children in welfare organization of marivan city (mea age 12.8 ±1.12 yr and iq 33.61±7.81) were studied with purposive sampling method. all children were pretested; then, samples were randomly divide...

the aim of this study was to survey the effect of arousal by the presence of audience and music and their comparison on learning and performance of basketball dribbling. subjects were 36 healthy and non-athlete girls (mean and sd of age 21.8±2.23 years, height 163.4±6.19cm and weight 57.5±10.13kg) were divided into three groups of audience (n=12), music (n = 12) and control (n = 12) randomly. t...

Clinical use of portable optical tracking system in dentistry could improve the analysis mandibular movements for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. A new workflow acquisition kinematics was developed. Reproducibility measurements tested vitro intra- inter-rater repeatability were assessed vivo healthy volunteers. Prescribed repeated (n = 10) three perpendicular directions tracking-device coo...

An automated training system was used to compare the behavior of knockout (KO) mice lacking the fragile X mental retardation protein with that of wild-type (WT) mice (C57Bl/6 strain) in the acquisition and retention of olfactory discriminations. KO and WT mice did not differ in the acquisition of a four-stage nose poke shaping procedure. In two separate experiments, mutant mice required substan...

contextual interference is one of the instructional methods for several skills.the aim of this research was to determine the effects of interference beforeperformance and interference during performance on the acquisition and retentionof generalized motor program and parameter in basketball skills with an emphasison the examination of contextual interference hypotheses and self-regulationlearni...

Eyeblink conditioning has been hypothesized to engage two successive stages of nonspecific emotional (fear) and specific musculature (eyelid) learning, during which the nonspecific component influences the acquisition of the specific component. Here we test this notion by investigating the relative contributions of the cerebellum, the amygdala, and the hippocampus to the emergence of conditione...

This study reexamined the processes of acquisition and extinction under periodic reinforcement. During the first phase of the experiment, pigeons were exposed to a fixed-interval schedule either 40 or 80 s long. During the second phase, each session started with the fixed-interval schedule but changed to extinction at an unpredictable moment. The results showed that during phase 1 the curve for...

Learned food cues can drive feeding in the absence of hunger, and orexin/hypocretin signaling is necessary for this type of overeating. The current study examined whether orexin also mediates cue-food learning during the acquisition and extinction of these associations. In Experiment 1, rats underwent two sessions of Pavlovian appetitive conditioning, consisting of tone-food presentations. Prio...