caspian sea had been used a long time between iran and the soviet :union: based on agreements of 1920 and 1940, without international importance. after the soviet’s collapse and with increasing the countries of sea border from two to five, this lake was important due to geopolitical and geo-economical conditions. following these situations, the legal regime of caspian sea needed to be revised. ...

due to its domestic problems, russia failed to pay significant attention to central asia and the caucasus after the collapse of the soviet :union:. this resulted in a geopolitical vacuum in the region followed by extensive activities done by regional actors including iran, turkey, pakistan and israel as well as world players such as nato. defining central asia and the caucasus as 'near abr...

Ukraine, a nation in Eastern Europe, has recently become world-famous. Being the second largest Soviet-bloc country, Ukraine inherited huge amounts of Soviet legacy, including industries and militaries. Adding to its natural geographical advantages, most scholars at that time projected Ukraine’s economic take-off would be inevitable. However, truth unexpectedly disobeyed predictions: became slo...

This article examines the rise and fall of the Peace Process and questions the reason for which the United States of America was successful in bringing the two sides to the negotiating table during the 1990s. It investigates the reason for which the process ultimately failed, as well as the reason for which Washingtonwas unsuccessful in restarting the peace process in the past decade. It is arg...

geopolitical imagination, by definition, is the competition between powers in forming individuals’, institutions’ and political factors’ perception of the characteristics and contents of geographical space, on the basis of their intended interests. in this article, as a case study, the us perception of the :union: of soviet socialist republics during the cold war era is analysed. the authors ar...