We develop a general framework for multifunctional agriculture, which includes not only public goods but also rural viability as a non-public good item. We contribute to the literature in two ways. First, we demonstrate how the broader definition of multifunctional agriculture differs from the agrienvironmental multifunctionality, and how agri-environmental policy should be reformed to include ...

This paper presents a study of neural network model for prediction of Indian rainfall. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the applicability of ANN. In this paper the performance of different networks have been evaluated and tested.The multilayered artificial neural network with learning by backpropagation algorithm is used .The paper implements weather prediction by building training and ...

Innovation spurs economic growth and development. Pro-poor innovation in rural areas is more likely to occur through small-scale ventures and entrepreneurs than industrial research and development. Whilst previous rural development policies have focussed on small-holder agriculture, the fact is that most rural poor are landless poor and therefore unlikely to benefit greatly from agriculture-bas...

The multifunctional farm sector in Cyprus poses threats on the island’s water resources, but also highly contributes to preserving the cultural identity, incomes and employment in rural areas. This paper presents an application of the Choice Experiment method, in order to evaluate these features of Cypriot agriculture, which are externalities, as farmers are not remunerated in markets for such ...

,4 DECADE ago the social security system was extended to include persons with self -employment earnings from agriculture. The first year they were covered (1955)) 2.1 million persons met the minimum income requirements and paid selfemployment taxes. 1 After reaching a peak of nearly 2.4 million tax returns for 1956, the number of farm persons filing self-employment social security tax returns d...

The garment industry has, in a remarkably short period of time, emerged as the preeminent industrial sector in Cambodia. The rapid growth of garment exports has created new opportunities for wage employment in manufacturing and, for workers in rural areas, a possible path out of small-scale agriculture. However, the rapid gains made by the garment industry may prove to be transient in the face ...

Cohort Size and Youth Employment Outcomes This paper utilizes a cross-country panel of 83 developing countries to examine how changes in cohort size are correlated with subsequent employment outcomes for workers at different ages. The results depend on countries’ level of development. In low-income countries, young adults that are born into smaller cohorts are less likely to work, but school at...