ABSTRACT: This article deals with the engaged writing of prose writer, poet, translator, and Professor John Keene. The Black North-American author clashes political struggles, for he seeks to rewrite history as a literary witness, bringing assessments, evaluations, social issues bygone ages – their following outcome in present. Keene’s historical approach critical attitude uphold line his award...

The present paper aims for the most part to prove the fact that religious and spiritual places and above all, mosques play major roles within Islamic urban areas. They are in fact the basis of civil infrastructures. A historical analysis focusing on where mosques stand in Islamic urban areas reveals that mosques have always been the center of development and growth and that they must be studied...

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One of the most important methods employed to measure the market risk is value at risk calculation method. In this study, the value at risk of banks listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange and Over-the-counter (OTC) are calculated using parametric model, Monte Carlo simulation, historical simulation and Two-Sided Power (TSP) Distribution. The sample includes all listed banks in Iran. The results sh...

Today, we see that despite the plans and decisions made about the historical fabric, the people are very faintly seen and conservation the historic fabric of urban is one of the main concerns management urban In the absence of efficient management and lack of attention to the needs of local people, the historical Fabric Urban is destroyed. In this article are examined Ways other than physical m...