Over 124,300 heat pipes were installed in vertical support members on the Trans Alaska Pipeline System. Infrared surveys in the early 1980s revealed cold topping on some of these heat pipes. The cold topping was due to an accumulation of non-condensable gases, a by-product of corrosion or chemical dissociation of anhydrous ammonia. In 2000, Alyeska Pipeline Service Company undertook an experime...

This paper reviews the emissions of reactive nitrogen compounds (RNCs) from modern vehicles fitted with spark ignition en-gines and three-way catalysts. Specific aspects pollutants involved – their formation are discussed. Cold start driving cycles scenarios under which all four RNCs can be significant; mechanisms behind trends ex-plored. Experimental data obtained two tested over different col...

Controlling interactions between cold molecules using external fields can elucidate the role of quantum mechanics in molecular collisions. We create a new experimental platform in which ultracold rubidium atoms and cold ammonia molecules are separately trapped by magnetic and electric fields and then combined to study collisions. We observe inelastic processes that are faster than expected from...

In this paper, an integrated gasification combined cycle conceptual design that achieves optimum energy efficiency and 82.9% heat integration between hot and cold utilities is illustrated. The integrated combined gasification cycle (IGCC) is also modeled and evaluated for the co-production of electricity, ammonia and methane for 543.13 kilo tonne per annum (KTA) of municipal solid waste (MSW). ...

In addition to N load, cold weather nitrification is an important consideration for stabilized performance of biological processes applied to continuous animal production systems. A winter simulation experiment was conducted in the laboratory to evaluate performance of immobilized bacteria for treatment of swine wastewater under cold weather conditions. Bench fluidized reactors (1.2 L) containi...

A new multiplexed stimulated Raman spectroscopic technique encompassing a single-shot spectral measurement range of over 3900 cm is presented. Impulsive excitation of all Raman active vibrational modes present in a medium is achieved by self-compression of a laser pulse undergoing filamentation in air, creating coherent vibrational wave-packets. These wave-packets create a macroscopic polarizat...

Biogeosciences Discussions This discussion paper is/has been under review for the journal Biogeosciences (BG). Please refer to the corresponding final paper in BG if available. Abstract Nitrogen is the major limiting nutrient in cold environments, and its availability is strongly dependent on nitrification. However, microbial communities driving this process remain largely uncharacterized in al...

Current knowledge of the neutron β-decay lifetime has come under scrutiny as of late due to large disagreements between recent precise measurements. Measurements using magnetically trapped Ultra-Cold Neutrons (UCNs) offer the possibility of storage without spurious losses which can provide a reliable value for the neutron lifetime. The progress towards realizing a neutron lifetime measurement u...

We have investigated the properties of the ultracold neutron converter materials deuterium D2, oxygen O2 and heavy methane CD4 in the temperature range between 8K and room temperature. The experimental program was performed at the FUNSPIN beamline of the Swiss Spallation Neutron Source (SINQ) at Paul Scherrer Institut (PSI). In this paper the measured cold neutron total cross-sections for D2, O...