Abstract The influences of subauroral polarization streams (SAPS) on storm‐enhanced density (SED) plume and consequently polar tongue ionization (TOI), an important topic in the field magnetosphere‐ionosphere‐thermosphere coupling, however, remain undetermined. Thermosphere‐Ionosphere‐Electrodynamics General Circulation Model (TIEGCM) with/without empirical SAPS model has been used to investiga...
