normal 0 false false false en-us x-none ar-sa background : routine episiotomy is a controversial issue among gynecologists. the aim of this study was to compare early maternal and neonatal complications of restrictive episiotomy and routine episiotomy in primiparus vaginal delivery. methods : in this descriptive cross-sectional study, two groups of primiparus normal vaginal delivery (nvd) cases...

pregnancy, labor and delivery are known to be associated with higher rate of fetal and neonatal complications in old primigravidas. in a period of 5 rears (2531 - 36) there were 30000 deliveries at amin hospital, among them, there are records of 355 deliveries in primigravidas over 35 years of age who are included in this retrospective study. comparison with the same number of primigravidas und...

background: the increase in the prevalence of cesarean section (c-section) in recent decades has become a public health problem worldwide. studies of cesarean section in order to identify the causes and form policies and interventions to reduce the incidence of this health problem are necessary. this study was conducted with the aim to investigate the causes of c-sections performed at niknafs a...

background and objectives: services quality has become the major concern of policy-makers in the present rapidly growing consumer-oriented health industry. however, there is a major gap in the relevant literature in malaysia in this particular field. thus, this research attempted to narrow this gap by conducting a qualitative study to gain insight into quality of healthcare services in the mala...

conventional transdermal drug delivery systems (tdds) have been designed for drug delivery through the skin. these systems use the permeability property of stratum corneum, the outermost surface layer of the skin. applying polymeric micro and nanofibers in drug delivery has recently attracted great attention and the electrospinning technique is the preferred method for polymeric micro-nanofiber...

Introduction: In recent years, the rate of delivery by Cesarean Section (CS) has increased in many countries. Many factors are responsible for this trend which are beyond the clinical practice of gynecologists. Objective: The purpose of this study is to investigate factors related to the preference for delivery type in pregnant women referred to a hospital in Tehran City, Iran. Materials and ...

Background & aim: Preterm delivery is one of the most important problems in pregnancy, as it is the primary cause of 75% of prenatal mortality and morbidities. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and risk factors for preterm delivery in Tehran, Iran. Methods:In this cross-sectional study performed in eight random hospitals from five different regions of Tehran (North, South, West, East...

topical and transdermal drug delivery systems are noninvasive and can be self-administered with the minimization of side-effects, have received increased attention during the past few years. nanoemulsions, emulsions sized between 20-200 nm with narrow distributions, offer several advantages for topical and transdermal delivery of pharmaceutical agents including controlled droplet size, the abil...

Background & aim: The risks of maternal mortality and morbidity associated with cesarean delivery are three and two times higher than vaginal delivery, respectively. The majority of cesarean sections are due to failure to progress in labor. One of the common risk factors for failure to progress is small maternal body size. Cormic index is an indicator of body composition assessment, which estim...