in arid and semi-arid ecosystems, shrubs may act as fertility islands but theireffect may vary depending on their morphology and ecological impacts. this research wasaimed to study effect of three shrubs scariola orientalis, astragalus heratensis, and rosapersica on soil properties and on the microclimate conditions (temperature, luminance, andsoil moisture) of their understory in the steppe ra...

the present study compared the relationship between critical thinking and academic achievement among physical education students and students in other fields of study in bu ali sina university, hamedan. this was a cross sectional study with a randomly stratified sampling method. available population was all 293 undergraduate students in bu ali sina university. the number of participants was det...

play provides opportunities for exploration, experimentation, and manipulation that are essential for constructing knowledge and contributes to the development of representational thought. during play, children examine and refine their learning in light of the feedback they receive from the environment and other people. it is through play that children develop their imaginations and creativity....

the aim of the present study was to investigate coaches and young athletes' self-efficacy andyoung athletes' enjoyment from physical activity. the study examined the effect of self-efficacy on enjoyment from physical activity in young athletes using structural equation model (sem) and lisrel software. results showed thatcoaches' self-efficacyhad no significant effects onstudents&...

background and objectives: prayer is one of the most important religious ordinances and is one of the necessities of islam. in spite of the progression of medicine science, it is sometimes seen that the mundane subjects become hopeless in curing physical diseases and this time, the hopeless man appeals to the lord god. this review study was conducted to examine the positive and negative views r...

the aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between quality of work life (qwl) and organizational commitment (oc) and their dimensions in faculty members of physical education faculties and departments of state universities. sample consisted of 217 faculty members of physical education faculties and departments. walton’s (1973) qwl questionnaire and mayer and allen (oc) questionna...

background: despite therapeutic effect of hemodialysis in end stage renal disease (esrd) patients, these patients encounter different physical and psychological tensional factors. physical exercises have beneficial physical and psychological effects on patients under hemodialysis as one of the accessory therapeutic methods. as few studies have been done about the effects of physical exercise on...