Why Do Self-Employed Immigrants in Denmark and Sweden Have Such Low Incomes? When studying income differences and income distribution, the self-employed are often excluded from the population studied. There are several good reasons for this, for example that incomes from self-employment are not reported to the same extent as incomes from being an employee. On the other hand it is a problem to e...

Integration of energy crops into agricultural landscapes could promote sustainability if they are placed in ways that foster multiple ecosystem services and mitigate ecosystem disservices from existing crops. We conducted a modeling study to investigate how replacing annual energy crops with perennial energy crops along Wisconsin waterways could affect a variety of provisioning and regulating e...

BACKGROUND There is paucity of data on the cost and rate of hospitalization in children with sickle cell anaemia (SCA) in most developing nations. OBJECTIVE To estimate the rate and cost of hospitalization in children with SCA in Nigeria and evaluate the economic burdens on their families. METHODS The number and duration of hospitalizations; estimated aggregate family's monthly income, cost...

The objective of this study was to advance our understanding and appreciation of the health status of young children in the state of Nevada in addition to their discrepancies in accessing health care. This study used the 2008-2009 Nevada Kindergarten Health Survey data of 11,073 children to assess both independent and combined effects of annual household income, race/ethnicity, primary language...

For each quartile of income per household or per consumption unit, annual time-series have been estimated from panel surveys, with annual waves of observations from 1974 to 2007: INSEE Households' "Conjoncture" survey from 1974 to 1994, panel “Parc-Auto” Sofres since mid-80's. In these data sources, household behaviour is described through: car ownership (percentage of households with at least ...

abstract in this study, we applied recently developed panel unit root and cointegration techniques to examine the long-run real income per capita and price elasticities for demand of electricity in selected middle east and north african (mena) countries using an annual data series from 1990 to 2011.our main finding from the panel analysis is that the demand for electricity is highly price elast...

OBJECTIVE To gather data on cats living in US households, document their neuter status, and identify demographic characteristics associated with neuter status. DESIGN Cross-sectional, random-digit-dial telephone survey. SAMPLE POPULATION 1,205 adults in the continental United States contacted between April 24, 2007, and May 14, 2007. PROCEDURES Information was gathered by means of compute...

BACKGROUND Long term illness has far reaching impacts on individuals, and also places a large burden upon government. This paper quantifies the indirect economic impacts of illness related early retirement on individuals and government in Australia in 2009. METHODS The output data from a microsimulation model, Health&WealthMOD, was analysed. Health&WealthMOD is representative of the 45 to 64 ...

In this article, we report results from a new study that surveyed a large, national sample of American adults about their willingness to pay for health reform. As in previous work, we find that self-identified Republicans, older Americans, and high-income Americans are less supportive of reform. However, these basic findings mask three important features of public opinion. First, income has a s...

An econometric model is specified in which an individual’s income and the income mix of the neighbourhood in which the individual resides are endogenous, thus providing a holistic model of phenomena that previously have been fragmented into neighbourhood effects and neighbourhood selection literatures. To overcome the biases from selection and endogeneity, the parameters of this model are estim...