during endodontic treatment, clinicians may face endodontic procedural mishaps such as broken instruments, which is a complex situation especially when the file breaks beyond the apex. this condition is associated with potential risk of contamination, which compromises the healing process. management of a broken instrument beyond the apex is difficult and time consuming and requires creativity ...

Introduction: Knowledge of the internal anatomy of the tooth, apical foramen (AF) and mental foramen (MF) is considered a basic prerequisite before root canal surgical and non-surgical treatments. The aim this study is evaluation the distance and situation of AF & MF to anatomic apex of mandibular  premolar. Materials & Methods: In this cross-sectional study, CBCT images of mandibular p...

ebrahim panahpour1*, parviz ahmadi2,  mahmoud shomeili3 1,2- department of soil science, college of agriculture, ahvaz branch, islamic azad university, ahvaz, iran 3- manager agronomi department sugarcane research and training institute khuzestan, iran *corresponding author email: [email protected] received: 22 july 2015                                                                       ...

objective: intrusion as a type of tooth movement is managed by different mechanotherapies during various treatment stages. the morphology of the apical third of the teeth to be intruded plays an important role in the risk of root resorption due to the raise of stresses. the main goal of this study was to compare various types of apical third of the teeth while loaded by an intrusive force. mate...

Developmental scales for cereals describe apex and plant morphology separately. In order to link crucial steps of internal and external development, in three varieties of Hordeum vulgare spp. distichum L., sown in autumn and in spring, we recorded plant, leaf and apex stage, following the scales of Zadoks, Haun, and Banerjee and Wienhues, the number of primordia, culm and spike length, and the ...