: the purpose of this study is to identify the gender differences in identity styles, commitment and quality of friendship. for this reason, 400 high school students from 19 educational regions in tehran (males –females) are chosen randomly. three scales are administrated: identity style inventory-six grade (white et al, 1998), quality of friendship (hejazi, zohrevand, 1380) and socio-metric qu...

Avoidant personality disorder (AVPD) is a relatively common disorder that is associated with significant distress, impairment, and disability. It is a chronic disorder with an early age at onset and a lifelong impact. Yet it is underrecognized and poorly studied. Little is known regarding the most effective treatment. The impetus for research into this condition has waxed and waned, possibly du...

AIM The purpose of this study was to explore any particular personality traits and psychosocial conditions of suicidal attempts among women, especially their adult attachment styles, harmful social experiences in childhood, adult live events and mental states directly leading to suicidal effort and methods of suicide. METHOD A group of 35 psychiatrically treated women who attempted suicide we...

In an online survey with two cohorts (2009 and 2011) of undergraduates in dating relationshi ps, we examined how attachment was related to communication technology use within romantic relation ships. Participants reported on their attachment style and frequency of in-person communication as well as phone, text messaging, social network site (SNS), and electronic mail usage with partners. Textin...

Individuals avoid stimuli which are associated with aversive experience to preserve safety. However, behavioral avoidance also causes impairments and prevents the individual from attaining positive rewards. Little is known about the link between fear acquisition and the development of behavioral avoidance in the presence of potential rewards. Therefore, two experiments investigated the impact o...

INTRODUCTION Cognitive theories of psychopathology have generally proposed that early experiences of childhood abuse and neglect may result in the development of early maladaptive self-schemas. Maladaptive core schemas are central in the development and maintenance of psychological symptoms in a schema-focused approach. Psychosocial dysfunction in individuals with psychological problems has bee...

OBJECTIVE Insecure attachment was explored as a moderator of the relationship between disease severity and psychosocial variables in a study of adjustment in women with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). METHOD Participants were 218 women recruited through notices placed in the community, in gastroenterologists' offices, and through online postings to support groups and message boards specific...

Amae is a Japanese term that refers to an individual‟s inappropriate behavior when he/she presumes indulgence from a significant other. The link between attachment style and amae has been debated, but few studies have examined this link empirically. This study examined the association of attachment style with amae behavior in Japanese dating couples over a two-week period. Results showed that f...

AIM To illuminate ways that avoidant leadership can be enacted in contemporary clinical settings. BACKGROUND Avoidance is identified in relation to laissez-faire leadership and passive avoidant leadership. However, the nature and characteristics of avoidance and how it can be enacted in a clinical environment are not detailed. METHODS This paper applied secondary analysis to data from two q...