An essential activity in managing an emergency is planning, preparation, and training for it. The harmful consequences can be diminished if accurate safety metrics are incorporated before. This leads to the simulation of an emergency event which is required to devise a roadmap, evaluate the effectiveness of numerous possible scenarios and thereby mitigate the damages significantly. An agent-bas...

Static and dynamic type systems have well-known strengths and weaknesses. In previous work we developed a gradual type system for a functional calculus named λ→. Gradual typing provides the benefits of both static and dynamic checking in a single language by allowing the programmer to control whether a portion of the program is type checked at compile-time or run-time by adding or removing type...

A safety policy defines the set of rules that governs the safe interaction of agents operating together as part of a system of systems (SoS). Agent autonomy can give rise to unpredictable, and potentially undesirable, emergent behaviour. Deriving rules of safety policy requires an understanding of the capabilities of an agent as well as how its actions affect the environment and consequently th...

Understanding the impact of the failure of a COTS software component with respect to key system properties (e.g. safety) is crucial to the successful use of COTS software products in a critical (safety-, security-, or mission-critical) application. In this paper, we describe a criticality analysis method based upon software architecture to assess the failure impact of potential COTS software co...

Analysis and proper assessment of multiagent system properties are very much important. In this paper, we discussed about methodologies for modeling, analysis and design of multi-agent oriented system with the help of Petri net. A Multi-agent system can be considered as a discrete-event dynamic system and Petri nets are used as a modeling tool to assess the structural properties of the multi-ag...

The data structures that are written in a typical Data Structures course cannot or would not be used in common applications in industry for two reasons. First, they do not work according to their specifications if they are used in a multi-threaded environment. If two threads are deleting adjacent elements of a linked list at the same time, for example, then one of the deletes may not have any e...

For any software system upon which lives depend, the most important question one can ask about it is, ‘How do we know the system is safe?’ Despite the critical importance of this question, no widely accepted, generally applicable answer exists. Instead, debate continues to rage over the question, with theorists and practitioners quarrelling with each other and amongst themselves. This paper sug...

Abstract There is little empirical evidence on the predictive value of safety culture assessments (SCAs) in relation to how accident‐prone an organisation might be. Recently, Antonsen not just demonstrated a quantitative SCA mispredicted future outcomes, but actually showed inverse relationship between assessment and subsequent critical incident investigation findings. To add our understanding,...

background: to increase safety of patients and staffs in hospitals, safety standards and regulations must be considered. this study was conducted to evaluate safety conditions in hospitals affiliated to kerman university of medical sciences.   methods: this cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in various wards and units of four hospitals affiliated to kerman university of medical sci...

Who could disagree with the seemingly common-sense reasoning that: “We must learn from the things that go wrong.”? Despite major investments to improve patient safety, relatively few evaluations demonstrate convincing reductions in risk, harm, serious error or death. This disappointing trajectory of improvement from learning from errors or Safety-I as it is sometimes known has led some research...