In this paper, by using an analogy among quantum mechanics, electromagnetic beam optics in optical fibers, and charge particle beam dynamics, we introduce the concept of coherent states for charged particle beams in the framework of the Thermal Wave Model (TWM). We give a physical meaning of the Gaussian-like coherent structures of charged particle distribution that are both naturally and artif...

We experimentally demonstrate interferometer-type guiding structures for neutral atoms based on dipole potentials created by microfabricated optical systems. As a central element we use an array of atom waveguides being formed by focusing a red-detuned laser beam with an array of cylindrical microlenses. Combining two of these arrays, we realize X-shaped beam splitters and more complex systems ...

Creation of patterns and structures on surfaces at the micro- and nano-scale is a field of growing interest. Direct femtosecond laser surface structuring with a Gaussian-like beam intensity profile has already distinguished itself as a versatile method to fabricate surface structures on metals and semiconductors. Here we present an approach for direct femtosecond laser surface structuring based...

We demonstrate the construction of diamond photonic crystal structures by the translation of a multi-beam interference pattern. Using phase shift of each beam, the double-exposed interference patterns can be aligned in the [111] direction for a face-centered cubic (FCC) and [210] direction for a body-centered cubic (BCC), respectively, producing diamond D from FCC and BCC-diamond like structure...

Shape memory alloys (SMAs) are unique smart materials that have many advantages, such as ability to resist large strains without leaving residual strains and ability to recover original form. However, the high costs of SMAs have limited their usage. This paper evaluates the behavior of concrete structures equipped with SMAs in an optimal manner as they are being used along the plastic hinge of ...

The bifurcations of a class of mappings including the beam–beam map are examined. These maps are asymptotically linear at infinity where they exhibit invariant curves and elliptic periodic points. The dynamical behaviour is radically different with respect to the Hénon-like polynomial maps whose stability boundary (dynamic aperture) is at a finite distance. Rather than the period-doubling bifur...

In this paper, a two-dimensional formulation is proposed for modeling the mechanical behavior of helical beam-like structures subjected to bending loads. Helical include multi-wire cables, which are widely used in engineering applications. An accurate representation their typically requires large-size three-dimensional finite element models. The formulation, written on cross-section only, offer...

A semi-analytical method is used to study the effects of the multi vibration absorbers on the nonlinear functionally graded (FG) Euler-Bernoulli beam subjected to periodic load. The material properties of the beam are assumed to be continuously graded in the thickness direction. The governing equations of functionally graded beam are obtained based on the Hamilton's principle and these equation...