Working papers of the Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland are preliminary materials circulated to stimulate discussion and critical comment on research in progress. They may not have been subject to the formal editorial review accorded official Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland publications. The views stated herein are those of the authors and are not necessarily those of the Federal Reserve Bank...

The application of tax planning by an economic entity will make it possible to release part the funds from financial (including tax) liabilities and effectively use them in reproduction process for modernization, reconstruction, improvement technical conditions production goods, works services. Every structure a successful business strives profitable production, therefore optimization, methods ...

Economic growth and development of market, stock exchange and related variables are among components which influence on business, economic activities and management of society. Financial repression is among economic variables greatly influencing on financial market specifically capital market and economic growth and development; so that, this concept caused to publish financial growth and devel...

since the 1970s, services marketing has grown into a major sub discipline of marketing. it is constantly claimed – but is refuted in the article – that services are now the dominant economic activity in developed countries and keeps growing while the two traditional goods sectors, manufacturing and agriculture, are declining. in today's competitive world, having expertise, knowledge and ma...

The paper presents, by means of a structural equations model, an account of the economic freedom factors and their importance. Considering that economic freedom manifests through: business freedom, trade freedom, fiscal freedom, government size, monetary freedom, investment freedom, financial freedom, property rights, freedom from corruption and labour freedom. Results show that all the conside...

â â â  â â â â â â â â â â â  financial sector is one of the most influential sectors in economic activities. empirical and theoretical studies conducted in recent years have also confirmed the significant role of financial institutions in economic growth. additionally, trade and financial liberalization policies have been particular concerned with strategic policies in developed and developing...

the relationship between economic growth and developments in the ‎financial sector has been one of the most discussed areas in economics ‎for a long time; and the direction of causality – whether financial ‎development causes economic growth or vice versa – is by no means a ‎settled issue.‎this paper investigates the short- run and long-run granger causality ‎between financial development and e...

economic growth and development of market, stock exchange and related variables are among components which influence on business, economic activities and management of society. financial repression is among economic variables greatly influencing on financial market specifically capital market and economic growth and development; so that, this concept caused to publish financial growth and devel...