background: pregnancy has a huge impact on the thyroid function in both healthy women and those that have thyroid dysfunction. the prevalence of thyroid dysfunction in pregnant women is relatively high. objective: the objective of this review was to increase awareness and to provide a review on adverse effect of thyroid dysfunction including hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism and thyroid autoimmun...

background: prematurity is the most common cause of death and disability and preterm infants, are prone to developmental complications. for this reason this study was designed for follow up of these babies until 2 years by modified ddst-2. methods: this study was a prospective longitudinal descriptive study from march 2009 to march 2011 in clinic of sheikh and imam reza hospitals, mashhad, iran...

BACKGROUND Research has documented the adverse relationship of child cognitive development with maternal prenatal smoking and poor birth outcomes. The potential, however, for maternal prenatal smoking to modify the association between birth outcomes and cognitive development is unclear. METHODS We linked statewide North Carolina birth data for non-Hispanic white and non-Hispanic black childre...

Background and Objectives: Brith sex ratio could be affected by several factors such as stress due to natural disasters like earthquake. This study was performed to determine the sex ratio and the perinatal outcomes after Bam earthquake. Materials and Methods: This case-control study was designed in two sections for the evaluation of earthquake effects on brith sex ratio and the perinatal outc...

BACKGROUND The frequency of planned out-of-hospital birth in the United States has increased in recent years. The value of studies assessing the perinatal risks of planned out-of-hospital birth versus hospital birth has been limited by cases in which transfer to a hospital is required and a birth that was initially planned as an out-of-hospital birth is misclassified as a hospital birth. METH...