Background As per the vaccine management policy of the Government of India all vaccine vials opened for an immunization session were discarded at the end of that session, irrespective of the type of vaccine or the number of doses remaining in the vial prior to 2013. Subsequently, open vial policy (OVP) was introduced in 2013 and should reduce both vaccine wastage as well as governmental healthc...

An experiment was conducted to study the effects of arc beak trimming on feed consumption, weight gain, and feed wastage in males and females from two large-bodied strains and one medium-bodied strain of turkeys. Birds were placed in wire-floored battery cages from 3 to 8 wk of age and feed intake, weight gains, and feed spilled into dropping pans were recorded for each of the 5 wk of each tria...

Higher proportion of women experiencing pregnancy wastage in any defined area is considered as a sensitive indicator of maternal health care services. It is a significant public health problem throughout the world especially in the developing countries. Pregnancy wastage mainly includes early pregnancy losses (abortions) and stillbirths. Actual incidence of abortions is not known. It is estimat...

BACKGROUND A typical blood bank gets its major supply of blood from organizing blood donation camps. The quantity of blood collected in the blood donation drives is random and it might be sensible to cut off the supply at some level to reduce the wastages by overcollection. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS In this paper we introduce two new cutoff level policies and compare their performance with the...

BACKGROUND: This paper addresses the problem of wastage of the qualified labor force, which takes place both during the education process and when trained personnel try to find jobs in the local market. METHODS: Secondary sources were used, mainly the Statistical yearbooks of the National Association of Universities and Higher Education Institutions (ANUIES in Spanish). Also, the 2000 Populatio...

We describe volumetric changes in three benchmark glaciers in the Nepal Himalayas on which observations have been made since the 1970s. Compared with the global mean of glacier mass balance, the Himalayan glaciers showed rapid wastage in the 1970s-1990s, but similar wastage in the last decade. In the last decade, a glacier in an arid climate showed negative but suppressed mass balance compared ...

In order to compare whether sludge age control by wastage from the biological reactor is more efficient than wastage from the final clarifier in wastewater treatment plants by activated sludge, the Benchmark Simulation Model 1 has been modified. The secondary settler has been made reactive and the sludge settling characteristics vary as a function of the amount of gas produced by denitrificatio...