In this paper we consider various perspectives on loanword phonology by examining the borrowing into Korean of English words having a word-final /s/. These have been borrowed into Korean with a tense [ ] followed by an epenthetic vowel, as illustrated by the borrowing of English bus as [ 3 ]. The realization of English word-final /s/ as [ ] is apparently unexpected given that English [s] and Ko...

the present article studies the history of the related lexicon and the influence way of these lexicons to the arabic language in different eras before and after islam to the contemporary era. the arabian people were from different tribes who have connected to all neighbor nations because of the economic, political, religious and cultural reasons and factors. at that very time the arabian people...

Based on data from nine Asian markets, this study investigates the relationship between bank concentration and the borrowing cost risk of firms. Over the study period, the concentration of banks increased in the developed countries and decreased in developing countries. After the 2007– 2008 financial crisis, the borrowing cost risk increased in both the developed and developing economies. The e...

We propose to study market efficiency from a computational viewpoint. Borrowing from theoretical computer science, we define a market to be efficient with respect to resources S (e.g., time, memory) if no strategy using resources S can make a profit. As a first step, we consider memory-m strategies whose action at time t depends only on the m previous observations at times t − m, . . . , t − 1....

Earnings are an important contributor to value, but a deal’s harm to the balance sheet can more than offset the value of increased earnings. Of course you want to see earnings per share increase, but not if your share price ultimately drops. If your company has access to cheap currency (a low cost of borrowing or a high stock price), it is easy to do an accretive deal. However, your cheap curre...