Rotation about the C-N bond in amides can be catalyzed by Bronsted and Lewis acids, as well as nucleophiles and bases. Catalysis of amide isomerization occurs in biological systems via "rotamase" enzymes; however, the mechanisms by which these proteins operate are not completely understood. We outline investigations that provide experimental support for mechanisms believed to be feasible for th...

This study primarily addresses the development of dynamic, selective and economical metal–acid (bifunctional) catalysts for one-pot menthol production by citral hydrogenation. Specifically, various metals such as Pd, Pt, Ni, Cs Sn were doped over alumina support. Additionally, bifunctional composite also prepared with impregnation heteropoly acids Pd precursors Analytical techniques (e.g., BET,...

Without using any toxic or hazardous reagent, ligand, acid, transition metal catalyst, additives/promoters and organic solvent, green Knoevenagel condensation and tandem Knoevenagel-Michael reactions have been successfully carried out by using chickpea leaf exudates as a naturally sourced Bronsted acid type bio-catalyst. The reaction proceeds in neat chickpea leaf exudates at room temperature i...

Branched fatty acids are of great interest in the oleochemical industry for many high-end applications due to their interesting physicochemical properties. In last decades, research has focused mainly on use ferrierite (FER) as catalyst isomerization into these branched acids. With FER, high yields can be obtained. FER is however expensive, and additives necessary obtain a selectivity toward th...

In order to develop new, efficient and environmentally friendly methods for the preparation of practically valuable esters carboxylic acids, studies hydroalkoxycarbonylation reaction a number terminal olefins normal structure (hexene-1, heptene-1, octene-1, nonene-1) with carbon monoxide alcohols in presence metal complex catalysts based on palladium phosphine complexes at low pressures (≤ 20 a...

Sommary-_The polarographic reduction of hydrogen ion, furnished by dissociation of a Brransted acid or present in the undissociated Brsnsted acid, is reviewed for the situation where a solvent other than water is involved. INTRODUCTION THE electrochemical reduction of hydrogen ion in aqueous solution has long been a major problem in electrochemistry, as indicated by the voluminous literature on...

The structural evolution of small copper clusters of up to 15 atoms and the dissociative chemisorption of H2 on the minimum energy clusters are studied systematically using density functional theory. The preferred copper sites for chemisorption are identified and the transition state structures and activation barriers for clusters four to nine atoms are determined and found to be inconsistent w...

A misconception is a problem that often encountered in the world of education caused by several things, including students' initial prejudices, incompetent teachers, unclear textbooks, different contexts student experience, and teaching methods only contain lectures. This study intended to answer regarding effectiveness cognitive conflict-based chemistry learning reducing misconceptions about a...