Studies of Rancho La Brea predators have yielded disparate dietary interpretations when analyzing bone collagen vs. enamel carbonate—requiring a better understanding the relationship between stable carbon isotopes in these tissues. Stable isotope spacing and carbonate (Δ ca-co ) has also been used as proxy for inferring trophic level mammals, with higher Δ values indicative high carbohydrate co...

This chapter evaluates the debate between behavior-rule and mindreading accounts of the abilities of some nonhuman animals. (Although the evidence concerns canids and corvids in addition to primates, we focus on the latter.) We show that although the data are by no means conclusive, they presently favor a mindreading account, suggesting that simple forms of mentalizing are quite prevalent among...