The prevalent communications networks suffer from lack of spectrum and spectrum inefficiency. This has motivated researchers to develop cognitive radio (CR) as a smart and dynamic radio access promised solution. A major challenge to this new technology is how to make fair assignment of available spectrum to unlicensed users, particularly for smart grids communication. This paper introduces an i...

Recent advances in communication technologies and the proliferation of wireless computing and communication devices make the radio spectrum overcrowded. However, experiments from the Federal Communication Commission (FCC) reveals that the spectrum utilization varies from 15%− 85%. Consequently, Cognitive Radio Networks (CRNs) are proposed to utilize the radio spectrum opportunistically. In type...

Nowadays, the radio resources and particularly the spectrum are considered a very precious resource as spectrum is limited and according to some research it has been found that only few percentages of spectrum is being utilized and rest of the spectrum get wasted, due to this fact a considerable research has been conducted recently for finding suitable and efficient ways to use the radio spectr...

This article first briefly reviews the basic concepts about cognitive radio (CR) technology and CRenabled cognitive wireless communications, and then discusses the differentiating features of CR and the fundamental theories or principles behind CR, especially from the artificial intelligence and machine learning perspective. As a CR testbed plays an important role in the transition of CR techno...

Cognitive Radio (CR) Mitola (2000) is a promising technology to improve spectrum utilization of wireless communication systems. Current investigations in CR have been focused on the physical layer functionality. The cognitive radio, built on a software-defined radio, assumes that there is an underlying system hardware and software infrastructure that is capable of supporting the flexibility nee...

Due to scarcity of spectrum Cognitive Radio (CR) is one of the most challenging recently emerged fields of Wireless Networks. Spectrum decision is the capability of a cognitive radio (CR) to select the best accessible spectrum band to satisfy secondary users' (SUs'), quality of service (QoS) requirements, without causing harmful interference to licensed or primary users (PUs). It’s solved the p...

Cognitive Radio (CR) is a comparatively new technology in which problems like underutilization of spectrum and spectrum scarcity is solved based on the revolutionary ideas. Cognitive Radio allows group of users to identify and access to available spectrum resources for their optimum use. Recent studies show that most of the assigned spectrum is underutilized. On the other hand, the increasing n...

With the rapid requirement and development of the green ICT (Information and Communication Technology) technology, the demand for dynamically radio spectrum resources has significantly attentions. The low utilization of licensed spectrum leads to the scarcity of the spectrum resource. The emerging cognitive radio (CR) systems become increasingly important in the wireless green communication. In...

Cognitive Radio (CR) is a technique which is used to improve the utilization of the radio spectrum. It is a software controlled radio that senses the unused frequency spectrum at any time. The main problem in cognitive radio is spectrum sensing. In this paper, the comparison of different techniques for spectrum sensing and transceiver from different perspectives is presented and a new architect...

Enhancing access to radio spectrum is a growing need across the country that cognitive radio (CR) can address. CR systems incorporate learning and decision making into wireless and networking systems with the goal of improving performance and interoperability. Optimizing radio and cognitive engine parameters based on operating performance is a crucial requirement. This step is also a needed ele...