Anxiety is a painful feeling that depends on a current traumatic situation or an expected threat that its origin is unknown. State anxiety is a transitory emotional state and trait anxiety refers to individual readiness for anxiety that is relatively stable. Besides, cognitive therapists believe that schemas are central for developing and maintaining the chronic forms of trauma, such as persona...

Cultural schemas are a central cognitive mechanism through which culture affects action. In this article, we develop theoretical model of cultural that is better able to support empirical work, including inferential, sensitizing, and operational uses. We propose multilevel framework centered on high-level definition sufficiently broad capture its major sociological applications but still narrow...

In an attempt to shed light on the micro-foundations of social structure, we examine how relational schemas impact the emergence of leadership hierarchies within informal groups. Relational schemas provide the cognitive models through which social structures are represented and encoded in the minds of individuals, as well as enacted in actual social interactions. Elaborating on this argument, w...

BACKGROUND Many studies have reported that inadequate parental styles can contribute to depressive symptoms through dysfunctional cognitive styles. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to investigate the association of dysfunctional schemas and parenting style with depression, as well as the role of maladaptive schemas such as moderators and mediators in Iran and India. PATIENTS AND METHODS The stud...

social anxiety disorder is a common anxiety disorders in childhood and adolescence. adolescence is a period during which the individual believes will lead to different outcomes. the aim of this study was to compare early maladaptive schemas in two groups of adolescents with social anxiety disorder and normal adolescents. the present study was causal-comparative. population was consisted of all ...

Background: Sexual relationship plays a decisive role in human’s health and it seems that sexual education can enhance the quality of sexual relationship. Aim: Investigating the effectiveness of sexual education focused on cognitive schemas, on the improvement of sexual functioning of female married students. Methods: This research was carried out semi-experimentally and a pretest-posttest desi...