introduction: during the recent decades, many scholars focused on the physical activities as an influencing factor on psychological and mental status. concerning the importance of university students’ mental health, this paper investigates the effects of physical activities on promoting their mental health. materials & methods: in this descriptive analytical study, 200 female students of shahee...

BACKGROUND There are controversial data about the relation between foot morphology and athletic injuries of the lower extremity. Studies in soldiers have shown some relationship, whereas those involving athletes have not shown any significant relationship. The reason for these differences is not clear. OBJECTIVE To determine the effect of various sports on sole arch indices (AIs). METHOD A ...

BACKGROUND Although Perceived Stress Scale (PSS, Cohen, Kamarack & Mermelstein, 1983) has been validated and widely used in many domains, there is still no validation in sports by comparing athletes and non-athletes and examining related psychometric indices. PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to examine the measurement invariance of PSS between athletes and non-athletes, and examine const...

BACKGROUND Our understanding of the effects of football code participation on low back pain (LBP) is limited. It is unclear whether LBP is more prevalent in athletic populations or differs between levels of competition. Thus it was the aim of this study to document and compare the prevalence, intensity, quality and frequency of LBP between elite and semi-elite male Australian football code part...