Despite the existence of speech errors, verbal communication is successful because speakers can detect (and correct) their errors. The standard theory of speech-error detection, the perceptual-loop account, posits that the comprehension system monitors production output for errors. Such a comprehension-based monitor, however, cannot explain the double dissociation between comprehension and erro...

The major objective of this mixed methods research, which considered elements of both quantitative and qualitative research approaches, was to examine the effect of two different types of focus on form instruction, namely proactive and reactive across multimodal vs. traditional input settings on Iranian EFL learners' comprehension and production of modal auxiliaries. The participants of the stu...

Children’s production skills in their native language do not always develop in tandem with their comprehension skills. In some cases, children’s comprehension is adult-like, while their production is still poor. In other cases, the situation is the other way around and children’s production is adult-like, while their comprehension is still poor. Optimality Theory is able to provide a competence...