the present research aims to examine the effect of task-based syllabus and contrastive analysis of nominal and verbal phrases in persian and lari languages on enhancing persian knowledge of lari speakers. to do so, a sample of 60 subjects in second year of elementary school was selected through multistage and purposive sampling. then, they were divided into two thirty-student groups, one experi...

The evolution of competing lexical categories is simulated within a model in which lexical outputs are organized as sequences of articulatory gestures. When exemplar-based categories compete for assignment and storage of incoming exemplars in a production/storage loop, contrast between categories spontaneously emerges and remains stable, driven by the differences in storage consistency between ...

We formulate a differential version of contrastive divergence for continuous configuration spaces by considering a limit of MCMC processes in which the proposal distribution becomes infinitesimal. This leads to a deterministic differential contrastive divergence update — one in which no stochastic sampling is required. We prove convergence of differential contrastive divergence in general and p...

It has been suggested that higher in-group identifiers primed with an out-group stereotype show contrastive behavioral responses because they activate the in-group, social-self. However, priming the personal-self can lead to contrastive judgments. We investigated whether personal self-activation was also evident for higher identifiers primed with an out-group. An experiment demonstrated that hi...

This comparative study of however and its Chinese counterparts in two translation corpora (the HLM parallel corpus, and the Babel English-Chinese Parallel Corpus) reveals that the Chinese contrastive relations tend to be expressed implicitly (cf. Wang and Zheng 2004) and Chinese contrastive connectors are generally used in sentence initial position, whereas the English contrastive relations ten...

The present research investigates what drives the prosodic marking of contrastive information. For example, a typically developing speaker of a Germanic language like Dutch generally refers to a pink car as a "PINK car" (accented words in capitals) when a previously mentioned car was red. The main question addressed in this paper is whether contrastive intonation is produced with respect to the...

In concept-to-speech systems, spoken output is generated on the basis of a text that has been produced by the system itself. In such systems, linguistic information from the text generation component may be exploited to achieve a higher prosodic quality of the speech output than can be obtained in a plain text-to-speech system. In this paper we discuss how information from natural language gene...

The study contributes to the cross-linguistic discussion on the prosodic correlates and categorial status of contrastive focus. It brings in data from Estonian, a flexible word order language where the prosodic expression of Information Structure has been very little studied. The study compares narrow contrastive focus with narrow and broad information focus in semi-spontaneous production data,...

[C]ausal statements are commonly made in some context, against a background which includes the assumption of some causal field. A causal statement will be the answer to a causal question, and the question ‘What caused this explosion?’ can be expanded into ‘What made the difference between those times, or those cases, within a certain range, in which no such explosion occurred, and this case in ...

Previous studies have shown that children suffering from developmental dyslexia have a deficit in categorical perception of speech sounds. The aim of the current study was to better understand the nature of this categorical perception deficit. In this study, categorical perception skills of children with dyslexia were compared with those of chronological age and reading level controls. Children...