Membership in agricultural cooperatives may influence intra-household decisions regarding the division of household labor. However, linkages between cooperative membership and labor allocation remain unexplored. To fill this gap, we examine impact on off-farm work couples engaged farming, using data collected from 595 banana farmers China. The recursive bivariate probit model endogenous-treatme...

Agriculture is a form of processing biological natural resources with the help technology, capital, labor, and management. In Indonesia, agriculture main source livelihood in some areas, one which Cibungur village, Parungponteng sub-district, Tasikmalaya district, West Java. With as all these are not spared from risks that can damage agricultural sector. occur, there comes solution to this prob...

A farmers’ group may have a collective character which formed in specific geographic and historic background its members’ relationships. And affect the way of operation expected behavior for members. In this study, I conducted comparative study two groups produce leafy vegetables. The first case is an agricultural cooperative, second contract farming with consumers’ cooperative. To analyze how ...

Farming is an important and key factor for the economy of developing countries. Since last several years, farmers once again welcomed many traditional farming systems to get crop yield for completion of food requirement. Although, traditional techniques are not much sufficient in new agriculture world because farming is getting new challenges from biotic and abiotic factors. New techniques and ...

Joint-stock cooperative company is not recognized in Commercial Code of Iran and the amendment bill of the Commercial Code adopted in 1968. This business entity has a unique description because of both being cooperative and having joint stock. It is a joint-stock company that is chartered based on Commercial Code of Iran, amendment bill of the Commercial Code adopted in 1968, and Principle 44 o...

Organic farming provides many benefits in Indonesia: it can improve soil quality, food quality and soil carbon sequestration. This study was designed to compare soil carbon sequestration levels between conventional and organic rice farming fields in west Java, Indonesia. The results from soil analysis indicate that organic farming leads to soil with significantly higher soil carbon storage capa...

At present, Indonesia is still lack of freshmilk supply, domestic freshmilk production is covered only 30% national freshmilk processing industry needed and is about 70% milk industry material should be imported, mainly from New Zealand, Australia, EU and USA. The following actors are active in the formal dairy supply chain in Indonesia: (1) Milk producers, (2) The primary dairy/ village cooper...

Abstract We examine the informal exchange of labour in farming villages with successful adoption labour-intensive practices. Previous studies have characterised network pattern to relate such cooperative behaviour community’s social structure. use patterns from literature and recreate internal structure selected Bhutanese determine type enforcement mechanisms used. Results show that networks th...

This study examines the impact of contract farming with Farmer Organizations on farmers’ income. Contract farming with farmer organizations is a smallholder farmer-inclusive contract farming system. Field surveys were conducted in August 2010 with 75 farmers (including 39 contract farmers) in Kampong Thom province, Cambodia. The analysis—i.e., using a treatment effects model—indicates that cont...