The turbo decoding algorithm of a decade ago constituted a milestone in error-correction coding for digital communications, and has inspired extensions to generalized receiver topologies, including turbo equalization, turbo synchronization, and turbo CDMA, among others. Despite an accrued understanding of iterative decoding over the years, the “turbo principle” remains elusive to master analyti...

We introduce and study a new class of projection methods—namely, the velocitycorrection methods in standard form and in rotational form—for solving the unsteady incompressible Navier–Stokes equations. We show that the rotational form provides improved error estimates in terms of the H1-norm for the velocity and of the L2-norm for the pressure. We also show that the class of fractional-step meth...

The purpose of this study was to evaluate different approaches for scatter artifact reduction in the field of dimensional computed tomography (CT). The methods we investigated can be subdivided into one software-based method and three hardware-based methods. The software-based method uses a Monte Carlo scatter simulation to estimate scatter intensities for an initial model of the geometrical an...

In this equation, n represents the number of Figures of Merit (FoMs) that are to be combined, xi represents the output of the scoring function for the ith FoM and wi represents the weight of importance assigned to the ith FoM. The Product Tradeoff Function is commonly used for example in computing cost to benefit ratios and in doing risk analyses. Unfortunately, the published equation on page 1...