Hutchinson et al offer a compelling argument for greater attention to and work in corruption in healthcare. We indeed need to talk about corruption, to understand and to grasp how to prevent and address it. This paper lays out some of the rationale for how to define the research questions, how best to address corruption – arguing that governance rather than corruption may offer a preferred star...

OBJECTIVES To determine how important governmental, social, and economic factors are in driving antibiotic resistance compared to the factors usually considered the main driving factors-antibiotic usage and levels of economic development. DESIGN A retrospective multivariate analysis of the variation of antibiotic resistance in Europe in terms of human antibiotic usage, private health care exp...

AIM To compare the results of a series of public opinion surveys on experiences with the health care sector in Croatia conducted in the time of elections and to analyze whether political party affiliation had any influence on issues of priority ranking. METHODS The surveys were conducted during 2005, 2007, and 2009. They were administered through a Computer Assisted Telephone Interviewing met...

BACKGROUND Unofficial payments in health services around the world are widespread and as varied as the health systems in which they occur. We reviewed the main lessons from social audits of petty corruption in health services in South Asia (Bangladesh, Pakistan), Africa (Uganda and South Africa) and Europe (Baltic States). METHODS The social audits varied in purpose and scope. All covered rep...

BACKGROUND In rebuilding devastated health services, the government of Afghanistan has provided access to basic services mainly by contracting with non-government organisations (NGOs), and more recently the Strengthening Mechanism (SM) of contracting with Provincial Health Offices. Community-based information about the public's views and experience of health services is scarce. METHODS Field ...

Corruption, as a research topic, because of its very nature, tends not to be explicitly discussed. Further, empirically it is not easy to get “data” on, as respondents rarely discuss this topic, and neither would it be discussed in formal reports and presentations. It is thus elusive but still permeates widely and arguably significantly shapes the trajectories of ICT projects in developing coun...

Corruption, as a research topic, because of its very nature, tends not to be explicitly discussed. Further, empirically it is not easy to get “data” on, as respondents rarely discuss this topic, and neither would it be discussed in formal reports and presentations. It is thus elusive but still permeates widely and arguably significantly shapes the trajectories of ICT projects in developing coun...

a n wa r s h a h 7 A lthough statistics on corruption are often questionable, the data suggest that corruption accounts for a significant proportion of economic activity. In Kenya " questionable " public expenditures noted by the controller and auditor general in 1997 amounted to 7.6 percent of GDP. In Latvia a recent World Bank survey found that more than 40 percent of households and enterpris...