In human body movement simulation such as vertical jump by a forward dynamic model, optimal control theories must be used. In the recent years, new methods were created for solving optimization problems which they were adopted from animal behaviors and environment events such as Genetic algorithm, Particle swarm and Imperialism competitive. In this work, the skeletal model was constructed by Ne...

The mechanics of avian take-off are central to hypotheses about flight evolution, but have not been quantified in terms of whole-body movements for any species. In this study, I use a combination of high-speed video analysis and force plate recording to measure the kinematics and mechanics of ground take-off in the European starling Sturnis vulgaris and the European migratory quail Coturnix cot...

The aim of this study was to evaluate whether a mental training protocol could improve gymnastic jumping performance. Seventy-two rhythmic gymnasts were randomly divided into an experimental and control group. At baseline, experimental group completed the Movement Imagery Questionnaire Revised (MIQ-R) to assess the gymnast ability to generate movement imagery. A repeated measures design was use...

The aim of the present study was to determine if an inertial measurement unit placed on metatarsal part foot can provide valid and reliable data for accurate estimate vertical jump height. Thirteen female volleyball players participated in study. All were members Republic Serbia national team. Measurement height performed two exemplary jumping tasks, squat counter-movement jump. Vertical estima...

We study sequential programs that are instruction sequences with jump-shift instructions in the setting of PGA (ProGram Algebra). Jump-shift instructions preceding a jump instruction increase the position to jump to. The jump-shift instruction is not found in programming practice. Its merit is that the expressive power of PGA extended with the jump-shift instruction, is not reduced if the reach...

Humans achieve greater jump height during a counter-movement jump (CMJ) than in a squat jump (SJ). However, the crucial difference is the mean mechanical power output during the propulsion phase, which could be determined by intrinsic neuro-muscular mechanisms for power production. We measured M. vastus lateralis (VL) fascicle length changes and activation patterns and assessed the force-length...

BACKGROUND The 'jumper's knee paradox', where symptomatic athletes appear to perform better in a counter movement jump (CMJ) compared to asymptomatic controls in previous case-control studies is not fully understood. AIM The aim was to examine the relationship between jumping ability and change of jumping ability as potential risk factors for developing jumper's knee. METHODS A 5-year prosp...

OBJECTIVE To report sex- and age-specific physical fitness levels in European adolescents. METHODS A sample of 3428 adolescents (1845 girls) aged 12.5-17.49 years from 10 European cities in Austria, Belgium, France, Germany, Greece (an inland city and an island city), Hungary, Italy, Spain and Sweden was assessed in the Healthy Lifestyle in Europe by Nutrition in Adolescence study between 200...

The purpose of the present study was to identify the effects of a strength training program combined with specific plyometric exercises on body composition, vertical jump (VJ) height and strength development of lower limbs in elite male handball players. A 12-week program with combined strength and specific plyometric exercises was carried out for 7 weeks. Twelve elite male handball players (ag...

the purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of body mass index on fundamental motor skills performance in 7-8-year-old boys in hamedan. forthis purpose, 72 elementary students were selected via cluster randomization from the elementary schools of hamedan and divided into three groups: fat, normal, and thin according to percentile diagram. then, tgmd-2 was performed by children and ...