OBJECTIVE To evaluate the relationship of gingival thickness (GT) and the width of keratinized gingiva (WKG) with different malocclusion groups and the level of crowding. METHODS A total of 187 periodontally healthy subjects (121 females and 66 males) who presented at the Faculty of Dentistry in Yüzüncü Yıl University for orthodontic treatment were enrolled in the study. The individuals invol...

We present a study of the effect of crowding on stellar photometry. We develop an analytical model through which we are able to predict the error in magnitude and color for a given star for any combination of telescope resolution, stellar luminosity function, background surface brightness, and distance. We test our predictions with Monte Carlo simulations of the LMC globular cluster NGC 1835, f...

statement of problem: the extraction versus non-extraction debate is almost as old as the advent of orthodontic practice and up to now, this dilemma remains. recently, the american board of orthodontics (abo) has developed a method by the name of objective grading system (ogs) in order to evaluate the results of orthodontic treatment. aim: the aim of the present study was to evaluate and compar...

this paper develops an analysis of budget deficit financing in termsof a crowding out or crowding in effect on the activity of the privatesector for the economies of iran and algeria as two mena countries,(because of its economic structures (dependence on oil revenue)) duringthe period 1970-2012 by using cointegration and vector errorcorrection approaches. the analysis confirms the existence of...

A new hybrid Optimization Algorithm is proposed to solve Constrained Multi-objective Optimization Problems (CMOPs). The algorithm is named BBO/DE which combines the exploitation ability of Biogeography-based Optimization (BBO) and the exploration ability of Differential Evolution (DE). Meanwhile distance measures and adaptive penalty functions are adopted to handle the constraints so that optim...