Whether attention alters appearance or just changes decision criteria continues to be controversial. When subjects are forced choose which of two equal targets, one has been pre-cued, a higher contrast, they tend the cued target. This interpreted as increasing apparent contrast However, when must decide whether targets have unequal respond veridically with no effect attention. The discrepancy b...

Manual Cued Speech is an effective method used to enhance speech perception for hearing-impaired people. Thanks to this system, a speaker can clarify what has been said with the help of hand gestures. Seeing manual cues associated to lip shapes allows the cue receiver to identify speech elements unambiguously. A large amount of work has been devoted to Cued Speech effectiveness in visual identi...

objectives: this paper studies the effect of persian cued speech on the perception of persian language phonemes and monosyllabic words with and without sound in hearing impaired children. cued speech is a sound based mode of communication for hearing impaired people that is comprised of a limited series of hand complements and the normal pattern of speech. and it is shown that it effectively ca...

Two behavioral experiments assessed the plasticity and short-term improvement of task switching in 215 children and adults. Specifically, we studied manipulations of cued attention to different features of a target stimulus as a way to assess the development of cognitive flexibility. Each experiment had multiple levels of difficulty via manipulation of number of cued features (2-4) and number o...

III   This study was an attempt to determine the effect of task-based approach vs. traditional approach on the narrative and expository writing of the Iranian EFL learners. There were two control groups as well as two experimental ones in the current study. In the two control groups namely G1 and G2 narrative and expository writing were taught respectively using the traditiona...

Designing appropriate materials and activities to enhance vocabulary learning is one of the primary goals of language courses. Among the claims about efficient pedagogical tasks is the Involvement Load Hypothesis (Laufer & Hulstijn, 2001) according to which vocabulary development is contingent on the amount of cognitive process a task involves. Building on the previous research on this hypothes...

the study aimed at investigating whether the retention of vocabulary acquired incidentally is dependent upon the amount of task-induced involvement. immediate and delayed retention of twenty unfamiliar words was examined in three learning tasks( listening comprehension + group discussion, listening comprehension + dictionary checking + summary writing in l1, and listening comprehension + dictio...

When performing multiple tasks in succession, self-organization of task order might be superior compared to external-controlled task schedules, because self-organization allows optimizing processing modes and thus reduces switch costs, and it increases commitment to task goals. However, self-organization is an additional executive control process that is not required if task order is externally...

In recent years, a number of large-scale writing assessments (e.g., TOEFL iBT) have employed integrated writing tests to measure test takers’ academic writing ability. Using a quantitative method, the current study examined how written textual features and use of source material(s) varied across two types of text-based integrated writing tasks (i.e., listening-to-write vs. reading-to-write) and...