People with independent (vs. interdependent) social orientation place greater priority on personal success, autonomy, and novel experiences over maintaining ties to their communities of origin. Accordingly, an independent orientation should be linked to a motivational proclivity to move to places that offer economic opportunities, freedom, and diversity. Such places are cities that can be calle...

“occupy wall street” movement which has aimed the heart of the global financial capitalist system enjoys a special significance in the perspective of social-economic- political, human rights (work force), moral and cultural heritage of nations and can be considered as a symbol of work force economic jihad in national and global level in order to realize justice and socio-economic equality. but ...

after reza khan took power and established a powerful central government, the way was paved for planning reforms in iran. among these reforms was the improvement of the status of women, which tried to make iran similar to the west. this goal accounts for the removal of hijab and changing the appearance of the people. in the present study, through library research, the authors investigated how p...

Cities are centers of technology-based transformations and play pivotal role in economic procedures. Moreover, cities are the social, cultural pivots and center for political challenges either in peace or violence and war. Cities possess a distinguishing share in societies’ economic growth and development. Future of the development of the developing countries is concentrated in cities. Theref...

This article builds a micro founded model of cultural conflict. In this model intrinsically motivated cultural leaders supply and interpret culture. Leaders have an incentive to amplify disagreement about cultural values. This leads to a clash of perspectives between cultures. The population benefits from the supply of culture but suffers if leaders amplify disagreement. The article discusses c...

fertility and childbearing, in addition to the biological aspects, has always been regarded as a social phenomenon and, therefore, to understand the incident, values and beliefs, norms, and in short, the culture of any society should be scrutinized. since the concept, condition, and value of childbearing is associated with cultural, social, political and economic dimensions, it has undergone va...