Introduction Precision instrumentation systems that measure physical properties using a photodiode or other current-output sensor often include a transimpedance amplifier (TIA) and a programmablegain stage to maximize dynamic range. This article uses a real-world example to show the benefits and challenges of implementing a single-stage programmable-gain TIA to minimize noise while maintaining ...

The Four Stage Encryption System introduced by Acharyulu and Appaji provides secrecy even when the attacker has some samples of plain texts and their corresponding cipher texts obtained with the same key, because the cipher text generated each time, for the same plain text with the same key, is different. In other words, the system is secure against adaptive chosen-plain text attack. Another in...

Integration of the PV into the electrical grid needs power electronic interface. This power electronic interface should have some key features and should come up with grid codes. One of the important criteria is the quality and harmonic contents of the current being injected to the grid. High-order harmonics of the grid current should be very limited (lower than 0.3% of the fundamental current)...

abstracta number of economists argue that the capital expenditure has a positive impact and the current expenditure has negative impact on output while others believe that the government expenditure, regardless of being current or capital spending, has a negative impact on the economy. in this direction, this paper tries to investigate the impact of current and capital government expenditure on...

Two new class AB output stages for CMOS op-amps are proposed with accurate quiescent current control. The second proposed stage also provides accurate control of the minimum current through the output transistors. The proposed stages can be operated with a supply voltage close to a transistor threshold voltage. A dynamic biasing scheme allows them to operate in a wide range of supply voltages. ...

The present paper Performance improvement in high speed low power out put Buffer amplifier for large –LCD applications. The proposed buffer achieves high-speed driving performance while drawing a low quiescent current during static operation. The circuit offers enhanced slewing capabilities with limited power consumption by exploiting a slew detector which monitors the output voltage of the inp...

The current status of "memetics" and the meaning of "memetic engineering" are considered. A set of artificial society models are summarised which attempt to capture in abstracted form certain memetic processes. The main qualitative results gained from these models are discussed. The problematic nature of artificial society methodology and the application of results to the real world are explore...

In this paper, a voltage mode variable gain amplifier (VGA) is presented. A fully differential implementation is used to suppress the common mode noise and increase the dynamic range. The gain of the proposed VGA can be digitally controlled from 0 to 53 dB, with a 1 dB resolution. The gain control is performed in two stages; coarse control with a 6 dB resolution and fine control with a 1 dB res...