In-cylinder exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) stratification, generally achieved by supplying EGR asymmetrically into intake ports on a four-valve diesel engine, is sensitive to trapped exhaust gas in the intake manifold and intake ports that is caused by the continuous supply of EGR during the valve-close periods of the intake valves. The subject of this study is to evaluate the distribution of ...

For applications such as spin accumulation sensors for next-generation hard disk drive read heads, and fundamental research, it is desirable to increase the signal in metallic non-local valves, which are central devices spintronics. To this end, here, we report on integration of high-spin-polarization Co–Fe binary alloy ferromagnetic injectors detectors Al-based valves. Room-temperature deposit...

A &etroke-cycle test engine was equipped m“th a glass cylinder an-d the air rnocements within it were studied wht% the engine was being motored. Dij$erent typee of air @w were produced by ueing shrouded intake valves in various arrangements and by altering the 8hape of the intake4r pawage in the qdinder head. The air movement8 were made visible by miz-ingfeather8 with the entering air, and high...

On the last years engine researchers has been focused on improving engine efficiency in order to decrease CO2 emissions and fuel consumption, while fulfilling the increasingly stringent pollutant emissions regulations. In this framework, engine downsizing arises as a promising solution, and 2-stroke cycle operation offers the possibility of reducing the number of cylinders without incurring in ...

Valvetrain flexibility enables the optimization of the engine’s ability to breathe across the operating range, resulting in more efficient operation. The authors have shown the merit of improving volumetric efficiency via valvetrain flexibility to improve fuel efficiency at elevated engine speeds in the previous work. This study focuses on production viable solutions targeting similar volumetri...

The timing of the valves of a hydraulic motor plays an important role in determining the throttling energy. To reduce this dominating energy loss, the timing of the valves must allow the fluid in the chamber to be precompressed and decompressed such that there is minimal pressure differential across the transitioning valve. The optimal valve timing to achieve precompression and decompression is...

Design, modeling, and measurements are discussed for a new direct-drive, electromagnetic valve actuator (EVA) for internal combustion engines. The actuator offers greater dynamic performance than previous designs and achieves fully flexible valve timing and lift, which provides great benefits in engine performance including increased engine efficiency, reduced emissions, and improved low-end pe...