Technical debt is a metaphor that describes the long-term effects of shortcuts taken in software development activities to achieve near-term goals. In this study, we explore a new context of technical debt that relates to database normalization design decisions. We posit that ill-normalized databases can have longterm ramifications on data quality and maintainability costs over time, just like ...

2 The Merton model, which is used for modeling default probabilities, is based on the assumption that the equity value is an option on the asset of a company with the strike price equal to the company debts. In the Merton model, it is implicitly assumed that debts last for a fixed period of time, and determining the default point that is the strike price of the option has been controversial in ...

The Medan Perjuangan community has a practice of disputed debts, but they are unable to pay off these so provide guarantees in the form parking space rights as collateral for their debts. purpose this research is respond author's main problem formulation, which settlement debt disputes with guaranteed manage areas from perspective Imam Syafi'i. In study, qualitative method was used analyze Syaf...

Every year, two thirds of college seniors (about 1.8 million) in the US graduate with significant debts, but most of them are poorly equipped with essential financial knowledge to manage their debts and make intelligent financial decisions. Programming courses are uniquely positioned to offer opportunities to help students improve financial literacy. However, there have been no integrated cours...

This paper examines whether a specific risk premium associated with “odious” sovereign debt issued by dictators exists. Bondholders could indeed require a premium to compensate for the higher default risk due to the odious character of the debts. The paper quantifies the risk premium required by investors to hold debts which could be denounced as odious and analyses ...

We investigate how personal bankruptcy law affects small firms’ access to credit. When a firm is unincorporated, its debts are personal liabilities of the firm’s owner, so that lending to the firm is legally equivalent to lending to its owner. If the firm fails, the owner has an incentive to file for personal bankruptcy, since the firm’s debts will be discharged. The higher the exemption level,...

This paper extends the analysis of sovereign debts to the incidence of foreseeable, permanent negative terms-of-trade shocks. Although the prospect of permanent drops in coffee prices was common knowledge in 1989, even the most coffee-dependent countries continued to accumulate debts as fast as non-coffee exporters. The waves of defaults ensued. However, private creditors did reduce exposure in...